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I was too busy being corrupt to join Anna Hazare's camp last week. For four days, I heard nothing but stories of our Tahrir Square-like revolution against the corrupt unfurling right under our noses in Delhi's Jantar Mantar. But it was school admission time and I had some serious palm-greasing, document-fudging, string-pulling, weight-throwing and tout-chasing to do. I had to get my maid's seven-year-old boy into a public school under the special EWS (economically weaker section) quota for the disadvantaged. He didn't get in—there were a couple of hundred other candidates (none of them more genuine than my boy, let me add) who had got there before us, all of them armed with documents procured at a price, and with recommendation letters from either a minister or an archbishop, or maybe both. It made me angry—the corruption, of course; but also because others were better at it than me.
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Anna For All Participants in the Jan Lokpal Bill march in Delhi. (Photograph by Tribhuvan Tiwari)
Are we just a bunch of hypocrites then, "fit only for candle-light vigils, apt to melt away if the police gets rough," as one disdainful NGO leader, Parashuram Rai, put it? Rai is one of those political scientists who sweeps the floor of his home-run office—Centre for Environment and Food Security—and wonders if his khichdi is burning while he attends calls from ministers anxious to repress his findings on the huge scams in the government's anti-poverty funds. To Rai, this "dance party crowd" of protesters seemed bizarre—"the beneficiaries of corruption raising slogans against corruption."
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Others are less tolerant of the little "short-cuts" we have grown accustomed to taking. For Magsaysay award-winning activist from Lucknow, Sandeep Pandey, there's no big or small in corruption—"each feeds into a bigger corruption, a rung in the ladder". If you are educated, he says, you are responsible for all corruption around you. And in Pandey's book, even the "honest" citizen is complicit if he doesn't raise his voice against it. "It's not enough to resolve never to give or take a bribe; you have to object if others are doing it," he says.
"Corruption is in our blood. It comes from our sense of insecurity. We want to please those in power not just for favours but to feel safe."Khushwant Singh, Writer | "Its power can't be overemphasised; when the middle class sleeps, society suffers." Nabaneeta Dev Sen, Writer, academic | |
"Greed is the creed of India. Nobody is above cutting corners. There is a rate for everything: from womb to tomb." Inder Malhotra, Political author | "Anil Ambani's corruption is less visible than a politician's due to the media's cultivated silence." Yogendra Yadav, Political analyst | |
"Why can't the corrupt lead an anti-corrupt brigade? You don't need morals to say that something is immoral." Ashis Nandy, Sociologist | "We target politicians not because we are morally superior to them but because politicians are in charge of the system." Pratap Bhanu Mehta, Centre for Policy Research | |
"People in deep despair first invent their demons, A. Raja or Kalmadi. Then they create their god, Anna Hazare." Yogendra Yadav, Political analyst | "Demonstrations should be used only for solving social problems. The removing of corruption needs change of heart." Dr Aroon Tikekar, President, Asiatic Society | |
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"Kiran Bedi, Swami Agnivesh, Baba Ramdev are all part of the corrupt society unless they work out an alternative spiritual structure." Kancha Ilaiah Activist, Writer | "Yes, the middle class has to pay bribes, resents it has to do so but feels helpless." Cho Ramaswamy, Editor, Thuglak |
Rai agrees, pointing out that some 8,000-10,000 of the country's poorest die every day because of corruption, and we are all complicit in it: politicians, bureaucrats, gram panchayats, of course, but also miners, real estate barons, bureaucrats, policemen, teachers, doctors, intellectuals, even activists and media—if not by direct loot, then by our silent support of it. "It's a chain reaction," he explains.
But for Nandy, there's no irony in a corrupt middle class protesting against the corrupt. "What the middle class does not like is blatant corruption—to take or give the 'grand bribes'. It's humiliating, and this is their cry of frustration against it. In their own unthinking way, they are articulating a major problem facing the country."
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"People in deep despair first invent their demons—Suresh Kalmadi and A. Raja. Then they invent their god, Anna Hazare, and it no longer matters that you are a clerk who takes bribes, or an auto-driver who overcharges. You are just following Anna's lead," adds Yadav. It's a cleansing, a vent for years of pent-up resentment.
But why this sudden despair? Corruption, after all, has been a way of life since ancient Hindu times, gradually evolving from the gifts offered to those in power in return, hopefully, for favours, to this passive-aggressive beast, which demands without actually asking. A complex network of give-and-take that requires experts to negotiate its labyrinths. Why then this sense of outrage, as if we are all no longer the old chalta-hai Indians but a nation of NRIs?
Part of it, as Nandy points out, is the sense of humiliation involved. We are richer, with a new sense of entitlement. No longer willing to bend, we refuse to acknowledge the bribe-taker's power over us. He doesn't scare us anymore, he enrages us. And when you consider that the middle class has grown by five times and the facilities haven't kept up with the growth, it's natural that we explode.
Making A Statement But what about the riders? (Photograph by Tribhuvan Tiwari)
As a society, according to Nandy, Indians have always had a high tolerance for corruption. "But now it has crossed all thresholds of tolerance." It's not just a difference in scale, as some would argue—ballooning up from, say, a Rs 10,000 scam in 1948 to Rs 1,76,000 crore now. "It's how corruption has hollowed out the system. We used to have partialities and nepotism even in my childhood, but now we have rate cards, even for national honours," he says.
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Demonising the politician has been a middle-class habit for decades now. As Nandy says: "Thrown out of politics, marginalised, the urban middle class can participate in politics only as spectators. And as spectators, they want the villains to die."
The image of the politician as villain number one is partly the media's creation, according to Yadav. "Every evil in the country is laid at the politician's door." He recounts the test he gives all his students each year: make a list of 10 people you know in each of these categories: doctors, lawyers, bureaucrats, teachers and political workers. Then tick the ones you think are honest. Inevitably, Yadav says, the political workers win. "Politicians aren't more corrupt than the rest of us, but because of the routes we have crafted, only the corrupt can rise to power."
It's the system, and the problem with our systems, Yadav points out, is that they were all "imported institutions". While they worked in the countries of their origin, they turned out quite differently when planted on Indian soil. Especially, says Yadav, the institutions that required autonomy. While Nehru was alive, it didn't matter because he insisted on investigating ministers charged with graft, even if it was as little as Rs 10,000, and sacked if found guilty.
But the rot set in when Indira Gandhi came to power, according to veteran political journalist Inder Malhotra. The problem was not greed, but political insecurity: the Congress was in the throes of a power struggle and everyone needed to make more money to shore up their position. It was then that the Lokpal Bill first came up for discussion. It was soon dubbed Old Pals' Bill, because no one seriously wanted to pass a bill that would shoot them in their own foot.
But corrupt governments in the past appear like mere babes in the wood compared to what we see around us in the present. Malhotra, who likes to hoard such facts in his filing cabinet, gives me a quick break-up: In the 1980s, we had eight scams. By the 1990s, it went up by more than three times: 26. And in the last three years, it has shot up to 150. Enough to make even the most corrupt of us morally indignant.
Malhotra recounts a CII meeting addressed by the international head of Fiat motor cars. That well-travelled gent confessed to an assembly of India's high and mighty how unique he found Indian corruption—it wasn't like the corruption in Italy or the US or even China. There it was a single-window corruption; you pay and get your work done. Whereas in India, "it's...", he groped for the right word, "unique."
So can we do it—clean up our unique rot? Some of us are uncomfortable at this death-to-the-corrupt fanaticism among the neophyte crusaders. For Nandy, this kind of aspiration for a zero-corruption society appears almost like a vision from hell. "A zero-corruption society needs a different kind of surveillance and policing," he says, "do we want that? I personally like human ventures to be slightly imperfect, in order to be humane."
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There are ways to bend the politicians to the people's will, as Anna's extraordinary movement showed. What made it work, according to activists, is that for the first time, the middle class had been roped in to fight a battle which had so far been only that of the poor. As Pandey explains, "The poor have been fighting against corruption for many years now. But it's been a silent struggle, invisible in the media."
Then the middle class stepped in. Not even the activists leading the campaign believed such a response was possible. People who had never attended a public rally in their lives were turning up in thousands in cities and towns across the country. Facebook, Twitter, 24/7 TV coverage, front-page headlines, film-stars, godmen, teachers, students, crowds: it was the stuff of activists' dreams and politicians' nightmares.
But can Anna keep the spark alive? Now that the party is over, can its spirit stay alive for the slow, long process of cleaning up our system? Most activists are sceptical, knowing how fickle and unreliable this constituency can be. But the fight will go on anyway, Pandey says, with or without the middle class. "The poor have no other option: it's either fight or die."
ALSO IN THIS STORY |
CORRUPTION When hunger strikes after a hunger-strike... |
OPINION Itself the outcome of a bottom-up movement, the Jan Lokpal bill ironically proposes a centralised framework against graft. Without checks and balances. |
LOKPAL BILL Lokpal Bill discussions are sure to see standoffs |
AUTHORS: SHEELA REDDY
PEOPLE: ANNA HAZARE
TAGS: CORRUPTION | LOKAYUKTA & LOKPAL | PROTESTS | MIDDLE CLASS
SECTION: NATIONAL
SUBSECTION: COVER STORIES
APR 20, 2011 08:03 PM 76 | yeh desh he deshdrohiyon ka,ghushkhoron ka,bhrastachariyon ka,looteron ka,namak haramiyon ka ish desh ka yaron kya kahana,yeh desh he sonia ka gahna.yahan dal dal par dalal bathe hein,yahan dal dal par chatukar baithe hein,yahan har gaon har muhalle mei hindu mulsimbhaichara ko mitane ki sazish chal rahi hein.vote ko kharidane ke liye paisa banta ja raha hain.yeh desh he amiron ka, nahin hei garibon.garibon ko dutkar milti hei par amir pooje jate hein. |
APR 19, 2011 11:35 PM 75 | The cover story is full of contradictions, simplifications and self-defeating quotes. Middle class is more of a consumption driven definition, and even therein, this simplification is not easily able to explain Indian behaviour. In this particular case (as, has now become the norm) it has been used as a derogatory term. What comes out in the end is a confusion about whether the writer is upset at a certain section being fashionably vocal, is feeling sympathetic to (for once) cornered individuals who normally get away saying 'zero loss', or is a front for the 'jhola-kurta' variety idealist left-leaning, self-styled activists who see their platform being hijacked. Answer these questions: a) Does Anna Hazare belong to middle-class? b) Why would one need to bribe for a gas cylinder, school admission or a train ticket if the 'system' is able to supply for the demand. c) Paying black for purchase of house (or for that matter most transactions in black) would be restricted if the government limits transactions in cash to a maximum of 5K or 10K, and the banks, shops and establishments forced to accept only cheque or plastic payments. (Before that it will have to do a lot of hard work, which seems to be the major issue) d) Does one need one to be wearing an intellectual cap to arrive to a conclusion that bribing would be contained if proper checks and balances (and concurrently, state of the art systems) were in place, and it is the duty of the elected government to ensure the same? Or that law, order, social order, public behaviour are all subjects which the government has to take care of? e) Poor class, middle-class, whichever, cannot complain about higher order things like corruption if they are caught in more basic issues like food, shelter, or the 8-hour job and are not enlightened enough to see through the games others play in the name of culture, region, religion, language, caste etc. to play one against the other and continue to be the 'elected rulers', with no answerability. If you are sympathetic to status quo, you should be open about views in your own name rather than putting up a front. Regards, Bhupesh |
APR 19, 2011 10:52 PM 74 | I spent a lifetime as a Government auditor at different levels and had witnessed all sorts of misdeeds. A special train was hired for the Congress President Nehru and Madras government, vicariously responsible, paid the bill. When CAG brought this to his notice, he paid from his pocket, and as is his wont, praised the ever-vigilant AG, Madras. His grandson Rajiv Gandhi holidayed with his personal guests at government expense and audit objections were swept under the carpet. All this are tips of the iceberg. As Rajaji put it, the government apparatus should be immune to political pressures, which is the fountainhead of corruption. I agree with Mr.Rai and Mr.Cho. |
APR 19, 2011 06:13 PM 73 | >>>> Are you sugesting that Ministers and Beauracrats not be brought to justice because the middle class is corrupt? VIN, if that is the conclusion you have come to, I guess the DUNCE cap will fit you nicely. What I am saying is it is notj ust enough to bring Ministers and Bureaucrats to justice. That will not get us anywhere unless we root the corruption with in our society. Many in India feel it is okay to do the activities that I described earlier at the same time Railing against corruption. There is no point in grumbling about corruption if you too are a participant in that corruption. while I can understand certain bribes being paid without which our work cannot get done, we can certainly make a great start by stopping that corruption that you are not forced to do. Once cannot just blame the system for all of their corrupt activities |
APR 19, 2011 04:48 PM 72 | ".... you pay and get your work done. Whereas in India, "it's...", he groped for the right word, "unique."" Why was he groping for the right word .... the right word is "being groped" itself .... as in "Indian corruption is unique that you feel you are being groped." I agree though with the broader sentiment expressed that "even after paying, work doesn't get really get done or is done at a suboptimal/incomplete level". The other thing unique about our corruption is it's everyday-everything nature. It is everywhere - the worst of it being that to claim your dead you have to pay someone - even in that moment of misery and sorrow of a fellow human (forget human - fellow Indian) money must be made with no remorse. For me this 2nd one is the real issue - it debases and dehumanizes us all. I agree with Santhosh's point of bribe vs extortion. Extortion due to the state machinery (and hence the people behind it) having way too much discretionary/arbitrary powers with no re-course is the real challenge. This specially hurts the poorest of the poor who are barely able to eek out a living to begin with. |
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