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Memories of Another day

Memories of Another day
While my Parents Pulin babu and Basanti devi were living

Thursday, July 31, 2008

War Zone Widens, Deal Terror Strikes India


War Zone Widens, Deal Terror Strikes India

Troubled Galaxy Destroyed Dreams: Chapter 32
Palash Biswas



War Zone widens right into the heart of this divided bleeding Geopolitics of South Asia.With the demise of USSR, Inidan Subcontinent tagged itself with the Post Modern Hindu White Zionists Manusmriti Apartheid Galaxy Order led by Corporate US War and weapon Economy! As Barrack Obama retreated from his demand of withdrawal from Iraq and converted in Rigid Americanism of Vietnam days with War Cry against the Muslim world, in the same way the secular, nonaligned face of Indian Nation defaced immediately. India could not resist the Oil War, true, but India even did not care to condemn US aggression in Middle east. India has a bulk of Muslim population, more than the most populated Muslim Nation. But never tried to be impartial in War Against Terrorism, a CRUSADE launched once again against Islam! Rather India stood rock solid with USA War Machinery and with the introduction of neo Liberalism and LPG with a planted finance Minister in Narsimha government, India wiped its History of foreign relations surrendering Freedom and Sovereignty.
Indo US Nuclear Deal strikes India now and the People of india Bleed with flooding Swiss Bank accounts!
My old readers might remember, I have been writing on this possibility since the first day of Neo Liberalism introduced in India. I wrote the Interactive Novel AMERIKA SE SAVDHAN, Be Aware Of America daring all the debate and visualised the Future.
The Future has taken over the Present and India has become a part of Middle East witnessing serial Bomb blast and Terror attacks!The anger against US Terror is targeted to the people of India and we have no Escape Route and have to wait the fatal eventuality of being Blasted out someday or other days. We have no scope for the Memories for another day!
What Pakistan has done with alignment with United States of America. The ruling class of Sensex Shining India committed the same mistake with strategic re alliance with USA. Now, the Indo US Nuclear deal is Auto Piloted irrespective of parliamentary system and popular mandate. The ruling class has made India a party in War against Terrorism.Thus, we see India bleed! It may continue as the people of this geopolitics has become the fodder for the Animal Farm, which is the Brahminical Hegemony. Since the icons and brands are safe, we have to be put on stake so easily!
war zonen.An area in which military combat takes place.An area at sea in which ships are prone to being attacked during a war.
We may not see the War so transparent. But we have been seized by war. Indian Ocean Peace zone has no peace today. The political borders are relatively clam as US Military presence in Asia works for cease power. We may not see the North eats where the masses are used for target practice by multinational armies. It has been war for the nationalities, indigenous people including dalit SC and OBC divided into more than six thousand castes, aboriginal tribal people and the minorities for full six decades. AFSA continues in the most parts of the Himalayas including Kashmir and the North East. Indiscriminate land acquisition and eviction causing displacement, starvation and annihilation continue just for the sake of Industrialisation, Urbanisation and so called development and infrastructure. MNCs and Ind Corporation rule with muscle power, builders, promoters and media. Constitution killed. Democratic institutions have been abolished mercilessly. You live with changing survival strategies and purchasing capacity decides your opportunities in every sphere already inflicted with intense discrimination.
India faces the challenges from within, not outside!Who is responsible?
Who cares for the bleeding public?
I have been far away in New Delhi for almost a week to participate a national discourse between Media and Mass Movements organised by Nafre India People1s Movement. It was a rare experience of sharing our experience and opinion with old nad new friends nationwide. We could hear the voices of the Indigenous people and nationalities so clear. The discourse opened on 26 th July and concluded on 27th. I would be writing my experiences in detail after some time.
I travelled by Rajdhani Express from Sealdah, Kolkata. The service seemed to be better than Indian airlines. This train is meant for the privileged classes. I could not detect any security lapse in between. But in New Delhi, the capital of India I saw no arrangement of security for general public. I travelled by bus, auto and metro. I got a phone call from the Marxist minister from Tripura, Anil Sarkar, while Rajdhani Express just entered in New Delhi Railway station. I had talked him on phone on 23rd when he left for Delhi for treatment. he was staying in Tripura Bhavan, near Chankya Cinema Hall in Chanakyapuri. He informed me that a room was booked for me next day in Tripura Bhavan and I had to visit him. On 25th evening I tried to locate my old friends. Staya Sagar is indisposed and Ravindra Tripathi is lying in ICU after an accident. Rajendra Yadav and Sanjeev of HANS were out of station. I caught him in the way to Dausa in train on mobile. he requested me to overstay in Delhi just for two days. I could not.
In the evening, all of a sudden my Nafre Friends including Faisal Anurag, a journalist from Ranchi, called me to translate the Hindi Key Note in English. I was busy to complete the task with Islam in kasturba Kutir, as I heard about the Bomb Blasts in Bangalore. When I got free from the job, I left Gandhi Darshan for Tripura Bhavan. Mr Gaur Hari Sardar, an activist from WBEN, accompanied me and it was 9.30 PM , too late. I know New delhi from 1979 very well. It is very hard to get a conveyance from a place like Rajghat. I alerted NAFRE People that perhaps we had to return midnight. I was in fact afraid of high security alert in a VVIP Zone like Chanakya Puri. We were stranded in Rajghat. We could not get anything for Chankaypuri. Suddenly a bus conductor offered us to drop in Dhaula Kuana. We got the bus. Meanwhile the Minister enquired our whereabouts and asked whether we had taken dinner, We had got the dinner in Kasturba kutir. but we could not inform our location as it was so confusing in the dark so late. We luckily got an auto fro Dhaula kuana at last reached Chankay Puri.
For my awful surprise, we were not intercepted anywhere and there was no security alert in a place like chankaya Puri while the Bomb Blasts was being telecasted live. We met the minister immediately and saw him engaged in browsing the Channels!
Just Think!
We discussed all development for hours. We got up as the Minister called us on 6.30 PM. We had another sitting. then, we left for Rajghat as the discourse was to open and I had to finalise the English draft of the Key Note.
We noticed no change in the routine of New Delhi as we crossed all the High security Zones from Chanakya Puri to AIIMS, Safdarjang Hospital, India Gate to Patiyala Hose, ITO,Delhi Gate and Rajghat. We could not see any hint for a security system for the Public.
I had to address with Anand Swaroop Verma, Anil Chamaria, Vimal Kumar from UNI, P Arun from Manipur and Jaideep Hardikar from Nagpur in the opening session.Anand had just landed Delhi from Nepal. We discussed the developments in Nepal and the crisis over there. The session was followed by Open forum and convened by Dr Lenin from Banaras. I had to speak on Media Mass Movement coordination in this session ,too with representatives from media and mass movement from every part of India. Meanwhile, while I was speaking our dear most friend Pankaj Bisht and Mr Prem Singh arrived. We had another round of person to person interactions involving different parts of India.
Mr Monto from Manipur, asked a sensational question. he described the plight of Manipuri people under AFSA in detail. Then he said, ` We did every thing to communicate the mainstream India! our mother stripped themselves and challenged the army to rape them. It happened to be a great media event. But we failed to communicate mainstream people!’
`What should we the Manipuri People do next?” he asked.
We could not reply.Could you?Please!\Mr Prem had his car. I had to visit my sister in Jhilmil Colony.Pnakaj da lives in Mayur Bihar. We planned to visit the Coffee house and then we may depart in Laxmi Nagar. My cousin had left New Delhi and reached Home in Nainital. from there he rang and complained why i did not inform him. Thus, I had to visit my sister lest she should not be angry.
Mohan Singh Palace has been a meeting place for New Delhi Intelligentsia. We drove the place without any trouble and Cannaugt Place including palika bazar was over crowded. It was good to see that no body was scared. There is no Fear Fobia in Delhi People. We parked our car very easily. I saw no security alert anywhere.
Meantime, it was Ahmadabad which was bleeding once again.We were right into the heart of New Delhi but we could not see any security check up anywhere!
In the coffee house, I was involved in very hot debate with Some very old Marxist intellectuals. The topic was linked to the so called Marxist ideology, party Line, discipline, Jyoti Basu, Surjeet, Telengana, Naxalbari, Tebhaga, Nandigram Insurrection, expulsion of Somanth Chatterjee, Mayawati, Trust Vote, Nuclear Deal, Indo US Nuclear Strategic relations, Hindutva and Prakash Karat.It was almost a war. I just blasted and they sticked to their Party Line.
Pankajda intervened and sent me off to get Metro for Jhilmil.
I just entered the Rajeev chowk Metro and got the ticket for Mansarovar. It was raining a bit.
I crossed the metal detector. But the police Personnel did not check my bag. I wet ahead some steps and then, returned. I put my on the table of the Police Post and asked the officer, `Please Check it!’The message was too loud, but without any impact.
The train reached Kashmiri Gate via New Delhi Station and Chandni Chowk. I never noticed any change, In kashmiri Gate, it was a Rush unprecedented as we had to go upstairs crossing a series of escalators. Once again, there was no security check.
What I want to insist that the Government is nowhere concerned with Public security!
The General Public is the Soft Most Target for the War which is drawn into this subcontinent by the same government to defend the US interests and cater away all our resources to the Corporate Imperialism.
We have been made the scape goats for the Post modern Manusmriti Apartheid HINDU, Zionist , White realignment in the best interest of the New galaxy Order!
I reached Pratap khand in Jhilmil colony crossing the RLY line . There was no security, The most important Flyover opposite Jhilmil Industrial area was dark. The streets were full of mud and water. I landed my cousin Beena`s residence on 9 Am. Hyderabad Blast were live on TV Channels then.
Next day, I had to walk about two KM to get a bus. I was habitual to get bus from anywhere in Jhilmil or Vivek Bihar all these years. But the area is now not crossed over any bus. A posh area like Jhilmil was full of mud and water. It reminded me Kolkata!
My brother in law, Niranjan Mandal, an electrician told me that Metro has changed the conveyance in Delhi.More over, most of the people have got either cars or bikes. What a resurgence of middle class actually reflecting the virtual reality of shining india. I saw the flood of sopping malls and Retail chains across the National Capital.
My fashion designer niece Munia was there when I visited Beena. She was wearing a dull top. She said that it was in vogue. She creates for the consumers and could not say anything about her friends in Redical Students Union in Delhi. She has become an exact housewife with two daughters who declared that I was quite fair to my pleasant surprise. As all these years, I have known myself in toned Black.
Beena and her fashion designer daughter claimed that it is shining and it would be shining. While my brother in law was much worried to see his two IT specialist sons struggling for Job. One of them is married and he has a child to look after! the young men were away and I could not see them.
I reached Gandhi Darshan somewhat late. The concluding session was in progress. some of the friends had already left. We debated intense ly and everyone participated. The UNI people narrated their victory. Some internal scenes in the Media as well as mass movements were exposed. The debate was revolving around the ideas of alternative media and parallel media, reporters network and media mass movement alliance. Democratic Journalists led by Abhishek finished the debate with very positive note.
But I felt the discourse ended somewhat abruptly without any significant result.
Next Morning, on 28 th we reached by an auto at the Delhi railway Station crossing Lal Quila, Jama Masjid and Chandni Chowk. It was crowed as it remains everyday.
And what a scene!
After consecutive two days of Bomb Blasts in Banglore and Ahmedabad, it was quite peace at the station and no body seemed a little bit worried of the security of the Public in general.
Thus, Security and Sftey remain a HI FI affair for the VVIPs only. We never mattered . We never matter.
INSTITUTE OF PEACE AND CONFLICT STUDESB-7/3, Safdarjung Enclave, New Delhi91-11-4100 1900 (Tel); 91-11-4165 2560 (Fax)IPCS Issue Brief 39October 2006INDO-US STRATEGIC PARTNERSHIPARE WE THERE YET?Lalit Mansinghhttp://ipcs.org/39IB-IndoUS-Mansingh2.pdf
“Americans always do the rightthing,” said Winston Churchill, “afterthey have tried everything else”. In thecontest of India, it took the Americansfive decades to do the right thing.These were the five decades of theCold War, described by the lateSenator Moynihan, a former AmericanAmbassador to India, as a “halfcentury of misunderstandings,miscues, and mishaps. “FormerExternal Affairs Minister JaswantSingh called them “the fifty wastedyears”.INDIA’S STRATEGIC1IRRELEVANCE TO THE UNITEDSTATESAmbassador Mansingh is currently anExecutive Committee Member, IPCS. Hewas earlier India’s Foreign Secretary andIndian Ambassador to the US.This paper was originally delivered as akeynote address at the Army War College,Mhow on 25 September 2006.1 Defining ‘strategic’: The loose andindiscriminate usage of this term has made itdifficult to define. “Strategy” originated as amilitary expression describing the science andart of planning victory in a war. Hencestrategic planning was differentiated fromtactical or day-to-day deployment. Currently,the term is used in international affairs as aglobal, long term and comprehensiverelationship between two countries. In aslightly narrower sense it also refers to asecurity relationship, including militarycooperation. I have used both concepts in thispaper.Even though they shared commonvalues, India and the United Stateshad divergent views on theirrespective roles in the world. The USsaw itself as the leader of the FreeWorld, fighting a crusade against theevil forces of internationalcommunism. India had no suchphobia against communism andpreferred to remain non-Aligned. Anenduring image of the Cold War, inIndian minds, is that of John FosterDulles, Eisenhower’s Secretary ofState. Issuing a fatwa against non-Alignment, Dulles pronounced itimmoral and declared it incompatiblewith friendship with the United States.Dulles was reflecting what the USJoint Chief of Staff had concluded-thatIndia was strategically irrelevant forthe United States. Their ally of choicein the region was Pakistan. As Dullespursued his ‘Pactomania’ and gotPakistan admitted to CENTO andSEATO, the political distance betweenDelhi and Washington continued togrow.The Indo-US relationship, according toStrobe Talbott was “a victim ofincompatible obsessions-India’s withPakistan and America’s with theSoviet Union.” Both were Guilty ofbeing on best terms with “each other’sprincipal enemy”. 22 Strobe Talbott, Engaging India: Diplomacy,Democracy and the Bomb (New Delhi: Viking,2004) p.7IPCS Issue Brief 39October 20062EFFORTS AT IMPROVINGRELATIONS DURING THE COLDWARThere were nevertheless brief periodsof warmth and understanding, evenattempts at forging strategic ties. Atleast three of these are worth nothing.In 1962, following the Chineseaggression on India, there was a clearconvergence of strategic interestsbetween India and the US. Settingnon-Alignment aside, Pandit Nehrusought urgent military support fromthe United States, including two dozensquadrons of B-47 bombers, a dozensquadrons of fighter aircraft and airdefence radars. The US respondedwith sympathy, but the militaryassistance offered was symbolic ratherthan substantive. The USadministration was divided on India,with the Pentagon warning against adilution of its strong ties withPakistan. India continued to bestrategically irrelevant to the US.There were two other short periods ofpolitical cooperation-in the mid-80sand the early 90s, when Indian and theUS set aside their frictions to discusstechnology transfer and militarycooperation. The MOU on transfer ofTechnology of 1985and the Kicklighterproposals of 1991, which outlined “acommon strategic vision”, paved theway for the Agreed minute of defencecooperation signed during US DefenceSecretary, William Perry’s visit toIndia in 1995. The failure of suchsporadic attempts to take bilateralrelations to the higher plane suggeststhat they were still ahead of their time.THE CLINTON YEARSA BREAKTHROUGHFormer Deputy Secretary of State,Strobe Talbott’s book, “engagingIndia”, provides a fascination accountof the process by which the USapproach towards India evolved fromestrangement to engagement. Talbottwrites that India was cropping upfrequently in Clinton’s conversationsin the very first year of his presidencyand the Clinton regarded India apotentially important power for theUS. It indeed Clinton felt that way,Delhi did not see much evidence of it.India felt the heat of Clinton’s zeal inpursuing nuclear non-proliferation.The move to indefinitely extend theNuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty(NPT) was the last straw for India. InTalbott’s words, the NPT representedfor Indians “the three Ds of US nuclearpolicies: dominance, discriminationand double standards”.On the Kashmir issue, Washingtoncontinued to tilt towards PakistanClinton’s newly appointed AssistantSecretary of State for South Asia,Robin Raphel, even questioned thelegality of Jammu and Kashmir’saccession to India. Charges of humanrights abuses against India weregetting more strident. There wasskepticism in India when UnderSecretary of State, Tom Pickeringoffered a strategic dialogue with India,which he said, would cover the“whole gamut of relations”.And then, India’s nuclear tests in May1998, made such a dialogue irrelevant.Washington reacted by slappingpunitive sanctions and took the lead incondemning India from the forums ofthe UN Security Council and the G-8.From India’s nuclear defiance,ironically, emerged the most intense,the most serious and the mostextended set of exchanges between thetwo counties. I am referring to theJaswant Singh-Strobe Talbott dialogue,which took place over two years infourteen sessions in seven countries.INDO-US STRATEGIC PARTNERSHIP:INSTITUTE OF PEACE AND CONFLICT STUDESB-7/3, Safdarjung Enclave, New Delhi91-11-4100 1900 (Tel); 91-11-4165 2560 (Fax)3The dialogue helped to clear much ofthe debris of past misunderstandingsand made Washington aware ofIndia’s national and global aspirationsand its rationale for the nuclear tests.In Talbott’s words, “India had put onnotice that it was now unambiguously,unapologetically and irrevocably, anuclear armed power.”3 It was thisrealization which forced the Clintonadministration to abandon its declaredgoal to “Cap, Rollback and Eliminate”India’s nuclear programme.The US offered India a grand bargainunder which it would withdraw itsnuclear and technology sanctionsprovided India met four benchmarks:• Sign the CTBT• Negotiate a Fissile Material Cut-offTreaty (FMCT)• Enforce world class export controlson nuclear and missile andtechnology and• Observe a non-threatening defenceposture.Although India had no seriousproblems with any of theserequirements, the dialogue remainedstuck on the benchmarks like a brokenrecord and eventually ended indeadlock. Talbott conceded with somedisappointment the Jaswant Singhmanaged to achieve his objectiveswhereas his own targets remainedunfulfilled.FAILURE FOR CLINTON;SUCCESS FOR BUSHIt is important to understand why theClinton Administration’s bolddeparture on India ended in selfconfessedfailure, and how George W.3 ibid, p.51.Bush, starting from where Clinton hadleft, converted the same policy into aspectacular success.There are three major reasons thatexplain why Clinton did noteventually succeed with India. Firstly,in Clinton economics-driven globalvision, China was a much bigger prizeto be pursued than India. Clinton evensought to bring China into the SouthAsian equation, by suggesting thatChina could join the US to enforcepeace in the region. India found thisinsensitive and deeply offensive.Secondly, the insistence onbenchmarks made India resentful thatthe US Continued to treat it as a globaldelinquent. The benchmarks wereseen as a penalty India had to pay inorder to free itself from US sanctions.India felt no moral or legal obligationto pay such a price. And finally, whatClinton was offering to India wasAmerica’s friendship, not apartnership on equal terms- and thattoo with a price tag. India wasprepared to wait and see what hissuccessor had to offer.On the face of it, there was a seamlesscontinuity of US policy towards Indiaunder George W. Bush in 2001. In fact,it appeared to be the only segment ofClinton’s foreign policy that Bush didnot repudiate and demolish. Beneaththe surface however, there was animportant change of approach.Firstly, Bush did not perceive India asa lesser prize than China. Influencedno doubt by the Neo-Cons, Bush andhis team considered India a counterweightand not a lightweight, againstChina.Secondly, India was no longerregarded to be in the dock and therewas no penalty to be paid for allegedIPCS Issue Brief 39October 20064misdeeds. India was seen as entitled toits rightful place in the world order.Condoleeza Rice proclaimed that theUnited States would facilitate India’squest for global status. Finally, Bushwas offering more than a hand offriendship: he was keen to make Indiaa strategic partner of the United States.This was truly a new beginning.Defining the contours of the strategicpartnership, the US National SecurityStrategy, 2002, declared that “theUnited States had undertaken atransformation of its bilateralrelationship with India based on aconviction that US interests require astrong relationship with India.” Thedocument stressed the shared valuesof the two countries and their commonglobal interests, which included (i) thefree flow of commerce, especially inthe “vital sea lanes of the IndianOcean,” (ii) fighting terrorism and (iii)creating “a strategically stable Asia”.While the US strategic vision wasfixed on the long range and defined inglobal terms, the Indian outlook wasfocused on immediate priorities andtangibles. The negotiations were longand difficult, often abrasive. In theend, an agreement was reached inJanuary 2004 in the form of the “NextSteps in the Strategic Partnership”(NSSP). To the satisfaction of theIndian side, it covered the trinity ofissues of priority to India: Space,Nuclear Power and High Technology.With the conclusion of the NSSP, thebulk of the technology sanctions onIndia were removed by the Bushadministration.THE BUSH-MANMOHAN SINGHSTRATEGIC DIALOGUEThe 2004 elections in both countriesproduced a new government in Indiaunder Dr. Manmohan Singh and asecond term for George W. Bush in theUS. The common message emergingfrom both capitals after the electionswas continuity of foreign policy. Infact, both countries decided to taketheir strategic dialogue to the nextlevel.There have been three notable bilateralexchanges in the past eighteen monthsduring the visits of Condoleeza Rice toDelhi in March 2005; of ManmohanSingh to Washington in July 2005 andof George W. Bush to Delhi in March2006.Condoleeza Rice brought with her anoutline of the second Bushadministration’s Grand Strategy forIndia. The US, she told the IndianPrime Minister, was willing to helpIndia became a major power in the21st century. And as a first step, theUS would reverse three decades of itsoppositions to India’s nuclearprogramme and make civilian nuclearcooperation the centerpiece of the newrelationship. While India respondedfavourably, it took time for the fullimpact of the American offer to sinkin. No one understood better than Dr.Manmohan Singh that this was ahistoric opportunity for India to shedthe burdens of the past and strike anew path to the future.India formally accepted the Americanoffer during the Prime Minister’s visitto Washington in July 2005. Theagreement announced on 18th Julythat year was more or less on India’sterms. India was recognized as a“responsible state with advancednuclear technology” i.e. a de factonuclear weapon power. Both sideswould take reciprocal steps to maketheir nuclear cooperation operational.INDO-US STRATEGIC PARTNERSHIP:INSTITUTE OF PEACE AND CONFLICT STUDESB-7/3, Safdarjung Enclave, New Delhi91-11-4100 1900 (Tel); 91-11-4165 2560 (Fax)5The US undertook to amend itsdomestic laws and persuade theMembers of the Nuclear SuppliersGroup (NSG) to resume nuclearcooperation and commerce with India.The joint statement issued during thevisit of President Bush to India inMarch 2006 was a follow up of the July2005 agreement. It was ademonstration of India’s seriousnessin pursuing the strategic dialogue withthe US.SIGNIFICANCE OF THE JULY2005 AGREEMENTThe July 2005 joint statement has beenanalysed threadbare by Think Tanks,political leaders and mediacommentators in both countries. Ihave been openly partisan insupporting the deal and will thereforespare you a catalogue of the pros andcons of the debate. Let me thereforeoffer a few observations on thepolitical, economic and strategicimplications of this historic agreement.Politically, the July 2005 agreement isby far the most significant and farreaching understanding that India hasreached with any major power, notexcluding the Indo-Soviet Treaty ofPeace, Friendship an Cooperation of1971. It recognize India as a de factonuclear power, clears the way for it tobecome a global power andstrengthens India’s claims forpermanent membership of theSecurity Council.From the economic point of view, itremoved three decades oftechnological sanctions on India andoffered multi layered cooperation withthe world’s most powerful economy.Most importantly, it widened theenergy options for India and projectednuclear energy as a viable source ofpower for its expanding economy.Finally, in strategic terms, theagreement of July 2005 gave Indiaenormous global leverage as a partnerof the United States, especially inensuring India’s security in a turbulentneighbourhood.LOSS OF AUTONOMY?There is persistent criticism that theJuly 2005 agreement has turned Indiainto a satellite or a junior partner ofthe United States thus compellingIndia to subordinate its foreign policyto the global interests of the US.India’s track record sinceIndependence makes it an unlikelycandidate for being the satellite orsubaltern of any power of the world.Despite the generous assistance givenby the Soviet Union to India in almostall fields, Mrs. Indira Gandhi had thecourage to say “no” to Breznev whenhe urged India to join the AsianSecurity Union. In 1994 and 1998,India defined the big powerscollectively to conduct nuclear tests.More recently, India turned down andAmerican request to send its troops toIraq. As Ashley Tellis told a committeeof the US Congress on 16 November2005, “India’s large size, its proudhistory, and its great ambitions, ensurethat it will likely march to the beat ofits own drummer.”THE CHINA FACTORThere is speculation on whether or notChina has been a factor in theemerging strategic relationshipbetween India and the United States.Official denials notwithstanding, bothIPCS Issue Brief 39October 20066countries have reasons to beconcerned about the future role ofChina on the global scene. India’snational psyche still bears the scars of1962, despite the efforts to normalizeChina-Indian relations since 1988.China has proliferated missile andnuclear technology to Pakistan, andcontinues to be a major source ofweaponry for that country. Further,India is deeply troubled by China’s“string of pearts” policy of setting upmilitary and naval facilities in India’svicinity, especially in Myanmar andPakistan.The Americans are equally concernedabout China’s unpredictablebehaviour. The Quadrennial DefenceReview (QDR) published recently bythe Pentagon identifies China as theonly potential long-term militarythreat to the US.While nobody is suggesting that Indiaand the US should join in militarily“containing” China, there is obviousconvergence of interests in bothcountries exchanging notes and inkeeping a wary eye on China’s policiesand actions. Hence, the significance ofthe reference in the US NationalSecurity Strategy 2002 to the commoninterests of both countries in “astrategically stable Asia.”GROWING MILITARYRELATIONSAn account of the Indo-US strategicrelationship will be incompletewithout a reference to the remarkablegrowth of military cooperationbetween the two sides. This is indeedthe most visible manifestation of thenew partnership. In a completereversal of their Cold War attitudesthe two countries have conducted injoint military exercises coveringmaritime interdiction, search andrescue operations, anti-submarinewarfare, air combat, airlift operations,mountain warfare, jungle warfare,disaster management and peacekeepingoperations.The US has, in contrast with the past,opened its doors to India to procurestate-of-the-art military weapons andtechnology. This includes fire-findingradars, GE 404 engines for the LightCombat Aircraft and electronic groundsensors for use on the LOC in Jammuand Kashmir and counter-terrorismequipment for our Special Forces. Onoffer as well are advanced jet fightersfor the Air Force, the US-IsraeliPhalcon early warning system, thePatriot PAC-3 missile defence systemand many others.The conclusion of a 10-year frameworkagreement on defence cooperationduring Defence Minister PranabMukherjee’s visit to Washington inJune 2005 is further evidence of theexpanding scope of militarycooperation with the US.STRATEGIC PARTNERSHIP: AREWE THERE YET?The question at this critical phase inthe strategic partnership with theUnited States is, are we there yet?Not quite. The partnership will beeffective only when it is more visibleon the ground in both courtiers. Thereis still a wide gap between thedeclarations and their implementation.Action in many of the declared areasseems to be faltering. For example, theIndo-US Global Democracy Initiative,announced with great fanfare in July2005 remains a dead letter. Similarly,the US Proliferation Security Initiative(PSI), which seeks to Monitor andinterdict clandestine movement ofINDO-US STRATEGIC PARTNERSHIP:INSTITUTE OF PEACE AND CONFLICT STUDESB-7/3, Safdarjung Enclave, New Delhi91-11-4100 1900 (Tel); 91-11-4165 2560 (Fax)7

WMD material, is yet to find aresponse from India. Terrorism,another core area of cooperation,remains in limbo.It would be more accurate therefore todescribe the current period of ourbilateral relations as a phase oftransition towards a strategicpartnership. There are stilloutstanding issues, which, if notaddressed, will not only prolong thetransition, but may even threaten thevery concept of partnership. Two ofthese issues are general in nature;others are single issues on whichdifference persist.OUTSTANDING DIFFERENCESThe first is the historical legacy ofsuspicion and mistrust in bothcountries, which remains amongstinfluential pockets of political leaders,civil servants and commentators. It is aresidual mindset of the cold war yearsthat surfaces from the time to timewith fierce intensity, as during thedebates on the 2005 agreement. InIndia, antipathy to the US has broughttogether mutually opposed politicalgroups like the Communists, the BJPand Islamic Groups. In the absence ofa national consensus, there will be stiffpolitical opposition at every step of theroad towards the strategic partnershipwith the US.The second general issue relates to thedivergent visions of the two countriesand the way they view their respectiveglobal roles. The American scholar,Arthur Rubinoff has commented:“Ironically, now that the United Statesrecognizes a regional imperative in anuclearised South Asia, Indiaconsiders itself a global rather thanregional power. The United Statesremains a “status-quo” nation whileIndia, which has never beencomfortable with a world dominatedby Washington, is in many ways arevisionist state.”4 This is echoed byProfessor Varun Sahni, who says that“the interests of an emerging powerand that of a hegemonic power arelikely to be incompatible in themedium-to long term.” Thus there willbe, “natural limits” to the securitycooperation between “natural allies.”5For three specific issues that remainoutstanding are Pakistan, Terrorismand India’s aspiration for permanentmembership of the UN SecurityCouncil.For over five decades Washington’spolicy towards South Asia was a zerosum game, which hyphenated Indiawith Pakistan. The Bushadministration has declared an end ofboth the hyphenation and the zerosum game. It claims that US relationshave improved dramatically with bothIndia and Pakistan, neither of themresenting its close ties with the others.This is somewhat exaggerated.Throughout the Cold War, the UnitedStates was accused by India ofpracticing double standards. While theUS condemned India for practicinghuman rights abuses, of hostilitytowards Israel and engaging innuclear proliferation, none of the sameissues seemed to matter in America’s4 Rubinoff, Arthur “Incompatible Objectivesand Shortsighted Policies: US StrategiesTowards India”in “US-Indian StrategicCcooperation into the 21st Century” Ed. SumitGanguly et al. (Routledge, 2006) p.545 Varun Sahni “Limited Cooperation betweenLimited Allies: India’s Strategic Programs andIndia-US Strategic Trade”, in “US-IndianStrategic Cooperation into the 21st century,Ibid. p. 188IPCS Issue Brief 39October 20068approach towards Pakistan.Washington turned a blind eye asPakistan developed a nuclear weaponprogram and proceeded to export itstechnology to North Korea, Libya andIran.Washington current policy of equidistanceand equi-friendship withPakistan still smacks of doublestandards for India. Proclaiming Indiaa strategic partner and Pakistan amajor non-NATO ally may be cleverdiplomacy, but that does not inspiretrust in India.Related again to Pakistan arefundamental difference on the issue ofterrorism. In November 2001,President Bush, addressing Americantroops in Kentucky, declared,“America has a message for thenations of the world. If you harbourterrorists…train or arm aterrorist…feed and fund aterrorist…you are a terrorist and willbe held accountable by the UnitedStates.” Pakistan continues to do allthe above and is neverthelessrewarded with military and economiclargesse by the United States.Washington’s refusal to treat “jehadi”terrorism in India at par with globalterrorism reinforces the charges ofdouble standards.Finally, India finds it hard toappreciate the reluctance of the US tosupport India’s bid for permanentmembership of the Security Council.In September 2005, the US announcedat the UN General Assembly that theUS would join in reconstituting aSecurity Council that “looks like theworld of 2005.” It then listed the sevencriteria by which the US to wouldjudge potential members: (i)commitment to democracy and humanrights (ii) size of economy (iii) size ofpopulation (iv) military capacity (v)financial contributions to the UN (vi)contribution to UN peace keeping and(vii) record on non-proliferation andcounter terrorism.I recall commenting at that time thatthe criteria seemed to be drafted insouth Block, New Delhi, consideringhow closely they fitted India. Whythen does the US not endorse. Indiawhen Britain, France and Russia havepublicly extended their support? Thestandard US response has been thatthe hence the time for endorsingpotential members has not arisen asyet. In that case, why is Washingtonprojecting Japan as a potentialmember of the Council?CONCLUSIONThough they appear formidable, noneof these problems are insurmountable.In the last six years, India and theUnited States have learnt to deal withtheir differences with sensitivity,patience and understanding. More ofthe same will be required by theleadership of both countries in theyears to come. Coalition politics willcontinue to generate pressure on thegovernment in India and slow downthe decision making process. Theprospects of a presidential election inthe US after two years is bound toraise concerns about the continuity ofthe current administration’s policy onIndia. I nevertheless remain convincedthat closer bilateral cooperation will beinsulated from partisan politicies inboth countries. The destinies of ourtwo great countries are interlinkedand the strategic partnership betweenthem will be one of the definingfeatures of the 21st century.
An Inquiry into Suicide Terrorism: Psychological Perspectives Kanica RakhraResearch Intern, IPCSe-mail: kanica@ipcs.org

In 2007, there were more than 280 suicide attacks all over the world. Used typically as a weapon of psychological warfare to affect a larger public audience, most of these attacks have taken place in countries with a heavy presence of US and allied forces, countries that were also predominantly Muslim countries. The number of countries that have seen suicide attacks has also increased. Why are Muslim youth willing to become bombers?
The three basic reasons for individuals getting influenced into executing suicide attacks could be classified as personal reasons, societal reasons and the influence of militant leaders.
Suicide often occurs when a person's identity becomes more important than his or her life. During adolescence, changes in one's conception of the self and self-esteem take place. The opportunities for development provided by the schools and the communities, the family traditions, and the larger cultural context and historical time period all affect identity development. The organizations leading the insurgencies talk to young people about how their identities are being suppressed, and sway them into believing that by making the ultimate sacrifice, they would be martyrs. This invites a kind of identity confusion that can make them vulnerable. By becoming a part of an organization, the person gets an identity and is given a purpose in life.
Studies suggest that young males experiencing some kind of frustration about the political situation are particularly susceptible to an ideology that requires them to aggress against others and/or themselves. Also, the usual age of suicide attackers falls at the transition phase from childhood to adulthood during which uncertainty about one's life course and the proper ways of conducting one's affairs is likely to reign. The organizations involved use various methods of propaganda to influence individuals. People are constantly reminded of the atrocities committed by the stronger parties, inciting them to retaliate in any way they can. The media is used as an important tool; the organizations celebrate the deaths of the suicide attackers, and the attackers make videos before committing suicide attacks showing the world that they have no remorse about what they are doing.
If an individual belongs to a society that has a history of suicide bombers, who are glorified all the time, the children end up trying to emulate their relatives, and wanting to follow the tradition. Also, if society is largely accepting of the concept, the youth can get drawn towards it. The behavior becomes pro-social instead of anti-social. For example, radical organizations in Palestine not only encourage but also shower admiration on suicide bombers. Becoming a martyr is one of the highest personal attainments and also a way of regaining the pride lost by the entire community under humiliating occupation, whether it is in Iraq, Afghanistan or Palestine.
The attackers come from a community values-based society rather than an individualist society as Western societies usually are. Thus, the idea of the honor or the prestige of the family is given a lot of priority. The bomber-in-waiting feels that he would bring glory to the family by making such a huge sacrifice, glory that he could not bring as a living person. The family would be well respected and their status in society would go up. Many times when the individuals are not able to help out in the day-to-day work of the house, and are considered worthless by the family members, they feel the need to prove themselves and the organizations provide them with this opportunity.
Suicide bombings have, until now, been associated with three main factors - religion, nationality, and ethnicity. However the trend is clearly towards a rise in religion-based attacks throughout the world. The concept of pan-Islamism, as promoted by organizations such as al Qaeda, is growing. From Africa to Europe to South Asia, the rise of the local parties who have sworn allegiance to al Qaeda is a hard reality at this point. Psychologists have different theories on why religion as a tool of influence works well. One of them is the behaviourist school of psychology which believes that religion can be used as a powerful source for conditioning individuals as the origin of religious behavior can be traced to the source of reinforcing stimuli.
Leadership, too, plays an important role in influencing people one way or the other. Powerful leaders win the hearts and mind of their public and bring them under their sway. They talk about the oppression of their people and the humiliation faced by them, which inspires the youth to take things into their hands. Yale University psychologist, Stanley Milgram, found that people all across the world would engage in life-threatening violence simply out of obligation to an 'authority figure' no matter how superficial. In short, people can be manipulated and this tactic is employed by the insurgent groups to their benefit.
There are thus various psychological factors that lead a small section of the youth to accept suicide attacks as a part of the war in protecting their ways of living. These factors range from personal reasons such as identity confusion, retaliation, reward satisfaction, to social reasons such as family prestige, societal glory and leadership skills. http://www.ipcs.org/Terrorism_kashmirLevel2.jsp?action=showView&kValue=2612&subCatID=1022&status=article&mod=g



Now, Kolkata on high alert after terror e-mail
NDTV Correspondent
Wednesday, July 30, 2008, (Kolkata)
After Surat, it's now Kolkata's turn to be on edge after an e-mail threatening bomb blasts on prominent streets and landmarks in the city. Thorough searches late on Tuesday night did not lead to the recovery of any explosives. But police are not taking any chances. Police have now detained a young man Kaushik Bose, the son of a cyber cafe owner in Kolkata's upmarket Salt Lake area. Kaushik Bose was grilled through the night and the police have detained him for further questioning.Police claims that that Kaushik has said he would help in identifying the people, who sent the threat e-mail from the cyber cafe.The computer from which the e-mail was sent is in Kaushik's name. Police also said that the cyber cafe was operating illegally.
Pak troops fire mortar shells at Indian post
New Delhi-Jammu (PTI): Pakistani forces on Wednesday lobbed heavy 82 mm mortar shells at Indian positions across the Line of Control in Northern Kashmir, marking a major esclation just a day after India conveyed its strong concerns over mounting ceasefire violations.
Six mortar shells were fired at BSF positions in two bursts in a span of one hour from 1130 on wednesday morning in Nowgam sector of Baramulla district, just miles away from the border post which had wittnessed heavy exchange of fire on Tuesday.
The mortar shells fell just short of the Nerian post being manned by BSF personnel.
"There were no casualties on the Indian side", army sources said adding Indian troops did not retaliate to the shelling.
Local army commanders got in touch with their Pakistani counterparts to point the trangression and to get the troops to cease fire, sources said.
The firing comes even as India on Tuesday conveyed its concerns over several instances of cross-border firing by Pakistani troops along the 742 km. LOC. Arms control experts group opposes nuclear deal
Washington (PTI): Ahead of the crucial IAEA meeting on Friday, a group of arms control experts on Wednesday said both the atomic watchdog and Nuclear Suppliers Group should look at the Indo-US nuclear deal "very carefully and remove all ambiguities."
Sharon Squassoni of the Carnegie Endowment of International Peace cautioned that the "end game" does not stop with the agreement coming before the US Congress for approval but it lies with the 45-member NSG.
"The reality is that the end game is the NSG. India will be able to trade with other states once the 45-member group gives a clean exemption for New Delhi," Squassoni told a press briefing on the subject at the National Press Club.
Ambassador Robert Gray, former US Representative at the Conference on Disarmament, said that the United States was walking away from a treaty signed by 178 nations and termed the agreement as an "unmitigated disaster".
"If any exemption has to come about, it perhaps would have to be addressed by those who initialled the Non Proliferation Treaty," he said.
"The United States has given India a blank cheque... Now we are assisting them (India) to cash the cheque in another Bank, the NSG," he said.
Daryl Kimball, Executive Director of the Arms Control Association and a long time critic of the civil nuclear cooperation between India and US, maintained that the exemption from the NSG is not going to be a "quick one". Pranab Mukherjee arrives in Colombo
Colombo (PTI): External Affairs Minister Pranab Mukherjee arrived here on Wednesday night to participate in SAARC Council of Ministers meeting tomorrow.
Mukherjee was received at the airport by Sri Lanka's Deputy Foreign Minister M K Hussain Bahila and Indian High Commissioner Alok Prasad.
The SAARC Council of Ministers' meeting will finalise the agenda for the August 2-3 summit.
Mukherjee arrived in Colombo from Tehran where he attended the 15th Ministerial Meeting of the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM).
This year's SAARC summit is being held under the theme of 'Partnership for our people' and will also focus on launch of the SAARC Development Fund, establishing a South Asian Regional Standards Organisation, and increasing cooperation among SAARC nations with regard to criminal offences.
The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) summit, is also likely to be discussed the expansion of the regional grouping.
The Sri Lankan government has stepped up security across the capital for the SAARC meeting. Anti-national documents seized from LeT activists
Kolkata (PTI): A large number of documents showing anti-national activities have been recovered from two Laskar-e-Toiba activists, who were arrested from Murshidabad, officials of the state CID said on Wednesday.
"We have found a video footage where the arrested duo are seen with a rocket launcher in Pakistan. We have also recovered a pen drive where we traced a huge amount of anti-national documents," DIG (Special Operations Group) Siddhinath Gupta said.
"We have just taken them into custody and we need to interrogate them. The Jammu and Kashmir Police will further interrogate them," Gupta said.
Police had arrested Md Mustaq and Hasan-ud-Zaman from Murshidabad on Tuesday.
Md Mustaq, who runs a garment shop 'Bastramahal' in the local market, is a graduate with Bengali honours while Hasan-ud-Zaman, popularly known as Hasan Master, is pursuing his graduation.
"Zaman was working as a para-teacher in the local Chotkalia High School and was a part of the teachers organisation. Though Mustaq had a clean image, we will see how this man got the trade license," Chairman of Jangipur Municipality Mriganka Bhattacharya told PTI.
A district court on Wednesday remanded the duo in police custody for 14 days.
"They will be brought to Kolkata tonight," Gupta said.
Mustaq and Hasan were working together for about a year as local agents of LeT. They were responsible for giving shelter to terrorists and liased between LeT modules of Bangladesh and India.
The two were also responsible for helping people to migrate to India and smuggle arms and ammunition to facilitate cross-border terrorism, Gupta said.
Police would probe if they had any link with the back to back blasts in Bangalore and Ahmedabad.
The CID recovered a laptop and gelatine sticks from the possession of Mustaq which, the officials said, could become a vital lead for the investigation.
Economy scare & sting Bomb chain in diamond hub
NISHIT DHOLABHAI
http://www.telegraphindia.com/1080730/jsp/frontpage/story_9621370.jsp

Ahmedabad, July 29: Eighteen bombs were detected and defused in India’s diamond hub today, with the terrorists apparently choosing to mock the nation’s vulnerability without killing.
Alerted by ordinary people in the diamond hub of Surat, police found one bomb after another in crowded spots from morning through afternoon. Many hung from trees and hoardings 20 feet above the ground, or had been left near schools, power transformers and diamond-polishing or textile units, often with little effort to hide them.
An email sent to media offices around 11am by Indian Mujahideen — which has claimed responsibility for the weekend Bangalore and Ahmedabad blasts — said the militants had meant not to kill this time but merely to flex their muscle.
“We have full killing weapons to destroy the whole... India,” the email added.
The aim of creating panic succeeded, with schools and colleges closing by themselves or being ordered shut by the administration. The town, where three bombs had been detected in the past two days, is expected to shut down tomorrow, and even schools in four “sensitive” localities of Ahmedabad have been ordered to stay closed.
About a dozen bombs were found in and around bustling Varachha Road, the town’s diamond street and a storehouse of wealth that few areas of the country can match. Surat, 250km from Ahmedabad, is the world’s largest diamond-polishing centre with 6,000 units and nearly 10 lakh workers, and an annual business of Rs 70,000 crore.
Most of the bombs were noticed by alert passers-by who called up the police control room. Many of them were members of the Friends of Police, a citizens’ organisation that has turned into an effective news gathering agency.
Over the past two days, the police had explained through the media what a bomb might look like. Those found today were three-sided, wooden-frame structures tightly wrapped in green polythene.
Investigators said that instead of the digital-watch timers used in Ahmedabad, these bombs were fitted with “some kind of a chip” that functioned as an “integrated timer circuit”.
A three-member bomb disposal unit had its hands full, defusing one bomb (a process that takes around 15-20 minutes) and immediately rushing elsewhere to defuse another.
Amid the relief over the successful public vigilance, one question worried a senior police officer: “Only one bomb was found yesterday; how come so many mushroomed overnight?”
The email said the next targets included “(Narendra) Modi, Asharam, schools and colleges”, and named several Gujarat universities and technology institutes. “Asharam” could be a reference to chief minister Modi’s spiritual guru Asaram Bapu.


More stories in Front Page
Economy scare and sting Dalmiya makes a clean sweepVoice of India winner diesReform ignition with Reliance role in PFBullet marks on ceasefire sanctityUS lawmakers agree to ban toxins in toysRBI stunner to tell on home loansCity in a tizzyHope for Subernarekha, relief for Bengal


Surat is an example for the country: Modi
Indo-Asian News Service
Surat, July 30, 2008
First Published: 11:30 IST(30/7/2008)
Last Updated: 18:36 IST(30/7/2008)


Print
A live bomb was found in Varacha locality in Surat on Wednesday shortly after a visit to the area by Gujarat Chief Minister Narendra Modi, who said the country needed to firmly fight the "proxy war" being waged by the terrorists.
The bomb was detected at Baroda Prestige Market, about 500 metres from Labeshwar Chowk, where Modi had gone as part of his visit to some of the areas in the city from where explosive devices were found on Tuesday, police said.
The bomb disposal squad, which rushed to the spot, defused the bomb, police said. This is the 21st live bomb found in the city in the last three days.
The bomb detected on Wednesday was similar to the 18 found on Tuesday from in and around Varacha, where several diamond processing units are located, they said.
Modi, who arrived in Surat this morning, announced a reward of Rs 51 lakh for information leading to the terrorists involved in the Ahmedabad serial blasts and the planting of bombs in Surat.
He said with the terrorists targeting cities like Bangalore, Ahmedabad, Jaipur, Mumbai and Hyderabad, it seemed that their intention was to cripple financial activities in the country.
The Chief Minister said as many as 12 big terror strikes had taken place in the country in the last two years and India needed to firmly fight this "proxy war" being waged by the terrorists.
Besides the bombs, two explosive-laden cars were found in this diamond hub on Sunday. The cars had been stolen from Mumbai. Police has released the sketch of a suspect who had parked one of the cars in Heerabaugh area in Surat.
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