Cops hijack Osmania student's body as violence escalates

At least a dozen students and five policemen were injured in clashes in the sprawling Osmania University campus during the funeral procession of Venugopal Reddy, a final year MCA (master of computer applications) student, who had set himself on fire early Tuesday to protest the delay in carving out a Telangana state.

The campus turned into a battle zone as police fired several rounds in the air, lobbed teargas shells and cane-charged to disperse the students, who were pelting stones.

The clashes erupted when police and paramilitary forces tried to stop hundreds of students from marching towards the city centre with Venugopal Reddy's body.

Police stopped the procession near the Ladies Hostel in the campus. The students wanted to take the body to Martyrs' Memorial near the state assembly building.

The police took control of the ambulance carrying Venugopal Reddy's body and took it to his home in Nalgonda. The students' Joint Action Committee (JAC) kept his body in the campus through Tuesday night and had planned to take it to Nalgonda in a procession.

The JAC was planning to keep the body at the Martyrs' Memorial and force all MPs and legislators from Telangana to resign in support of the demand for a separate state.

Police also arrested TRS legislators Harish Rao, E. Rajender and Taraka Rama Rao. Harish Rao blamed police for the violence saying the students were peaceful and wanted to take the body to the memorial to enable people to pay their last respects.

Ruling Congress legislator R. Damodar Reddy also held the police responsible. "The police should not provoke peaceful protestors, otherwise the government will be responsible for the consequences."


After suicides over Telangana, shutdown hits life in region


Normal life in Hyderabad and nine other districts of the Telangana region came to a halt as a 48-hour shutdown called by the Joint

Osmania
Action Committee (JAC) of students began on Wednesday to protest the delay in the formation of a separate state out of Andhra Pradesh. Since Monday, two students have killed themselves over the issue.

Fresh violence was reported at the Osmania University, the nerve centre of the Telangana crisis, in Hyderabad today with police having to resort to lathicharge and injuring some students.

The state-owned Road Transport Corporation (RTC) suspended its bus services fearing attacks by bandh supporters following which office-goers had a tough time in reaching their destinations, while shops, business establishments and educational institutions remained closed in Telangana districts like Medak, Nizamabad, Nalgonda and Karimnagar.

Auto drivers and other private vehicle owners had a field day as commuters paid high fares demanded by them. Petrol pumps remained closed at various places in Hyderabad since late last night.

All political parties have supported the shutdown. The JAC called for a strike after two students, depressed over the delay in carving out a separate Telangana state, committed suicide.

K. Venugopal Reddy, a final year student of MCA, set himself ablaze at Osmania University here late Monday. Suvarnamma, a first year BSc student in Mahabubnagar district, set herself ablaze late Tuesday.

Tension prevailed at Osmania University campus for the second consecutive day as students continued their protest with the body of Reddy. The JAC leaders, who sat in front of the Arts College building with the body through Tuesday night, said they would not allow it to be moved unless all MPs and state legislators from the region resign in support of the Telangana statehood demand.

In an attempt to shift the body, police brought additional forces to the campus Wednesday morning.

The self-immolations triggered angry protests by students across Telangana. The students' JAC called for a two-day shutdown Wednesday and Thursday. The politicians' JAC, which comprises all parties including the ruling Congress, has supported the shutdown for Wednesday.

The JAC also announced that all elected representatives would submit their resignations from Wednesday and those who have already done so would press for their acceptance.

Five legislators of Telangana Rashtra Samiti (TRS) and one of Praja Rajyam Party (PRP) began a sit-in at the house of assembly speaker Kirankumar Reddy Tuesday night, urging him to immediately accept their resignations. The speaker, however, sought two to three days to take a decision.

With the legislators continuing their protest, the police took them into custody. They were later released.

All 39 legislators of main opposition Telugu Desam Party (TDP) have also decided to press the speaker to accept their resignations.

13 Maoists killed in Chhattisgar


Express News Service
First Published : 20 Jan 2010 03:14:00 AM IST
Last Updated : 20 Jan 2010 04:23:01 AM IST

BHADRACHALAM: Thirteen Maoists and one Salwa Judum activist were killed in a firing between Maoists and the police in the dense Pareshgadh forest area of Beejapur district near Andhra Pradesh border in Chhattisgharh in the wee hours of Tuesday.According to information reaching here, on a tip off that a plenary camp of 150 members of Maoists was being held in the dense Pareshgadh forest area, a posse of Chhattisgharh police along with special armed commandos swung into action and surrounded the camp and asked them to surrender immediately.
However, the Maoists refused to heed the police warning and opened opened fire forcing the latter to retaliate.The firing began after midnight and continued till the wee hours of Tuesday.Thirteen Maoists and a Salwa Judum activist were killed in the incident.Two police personnel were injured. The injured were rushed to Beejapur Government Hospital.According to Beejapur SP Avinash Mahanti, the bodies of Maoists were yet to be identified and they were kept at the Beejapur government hospital.The SP said most of the Maoists fled into the forest soon after the exchange of fire began. However, the police recovered kit bags and Maoist literature from the site.

Mob attacks activists on fact-finding mission in Dantewada

Mahim Pratap Singh

A group of prominent social activists including Medha Patkar and Magasaysay award winner Sandeep Pandey were confronted by an angry mob, which the activists claimed was staged and constituted of Salwa Judum Special Police Officers (SPOs), here on Wednesday.

Around 25-30 activists from across the country had reached Dantewada for a fact-finding mission and a public hearing organized by prominent Gandhian activist Himanshu Kumar. However, when the activists were on their way to meet the Dantewada SP on Wednesday, an angry mob confronted them and threw stones, eggs and raw sewage onto them shouting slogans like "maowadi wapas jao, medha patkar wapas jao" (Maoists go back, Medha Patkar go back).

The fact-finding team included Medha Patkar and Sandeep Pandey of National Alliance of People's Movements, Kavita Srivastava of People's Union for Civil Liberties and D. Gabriele from Penn Urimai Iyakkam among others.

"We were attacked by a mob that had a number of Salwa Judum SPOs," Medha Patkar told The Hindu over phone. "We even saw the attackers talk conspiringly to the policemen surrounding us for our protection and although the mob was eventually dispersed by a light lathicharge, it looked like the whole thing was managed," said Ms. Patkar.

"We had nothing to do with naxals or any other violent group. We only went their for a public hearing on tribal rights," said Ms.Patkar.

The activists further alleged that the local and national media coverage of the whole incident has been manipulated by the administration and skewed and one-sided reports have reached the people.

"The whole thing started as a skirmish between local journalists and some freelancers from outside and turned ugly later," said Dantewada SP Ambreesh Kumar Mishra. "When we saw the mob was turning violent we used force to disperse them and now the situation is under control. There were no SPOs in the mob," he added.

"There were a lot of drunk men led by local journalists and they attacked a perfectly peaceful gathering," said another activist Madhumita. "They were violent and seemed threatening," she said.


http://beta.thehindu.com/news/national/article77725.ece

Citing inflation, Mayawati seeks Pawar's removal

Special Correspondent

Shifting the blame for the price rise on the Union Agriculture Minister, Sharad Pawar, the Uttar Pradesh Chief Minister, Mayawati on Wednesday demanded his removal from the post. Ms. Mayawati has threatened to boycott the meeting of Chief Ministers convened by the Prime Minister, Manmohan Singh on January 27 for discussing price rise if Mr. Pawar is not ousted as Union Agriculture Minister by then.

"It would be in the interest of the poor and downtrodden people that Mr. Pawar is removed as Agriculture Minister," Ms. Mayawati said. She assailed Mr. Pawar for having said that milk prices might go up.

"If no action against Mr. Pawar is taken by Dr. Singh it would prove that the Union Agriculture Minister has the Prime Minister's backing in respect to giving "irresponsible statements", Ms. Mayawati told reporters in a hastily convened press conference here on Wednesday.

Referring to Mr. Pawar's reported statement on Wednesday on the impending milk crisis in north India and the subsequent rise in the prices of the commodity after that of sugar and rice, the Uttar Pradesh Chief Minister said this was not for the first time the Union Agriculture Minister had given a irresponsible statement. She said the hoarders and black marketers would be emboldened by Mr. Pawar's observation. Ms. Mayawati feared that following Mr. Pawar's statement the milk prices would go.

Ms. Mayawati said even as the Prime Minister had convened a meeting of Chief Ministers for finding measures to control prices, the Union Agriculture Minister was making such statements, which would embolden hoarders and black marketers to continue with their nefarious trade.

While holding the UPA Government responsible for the increase in the prices of foodgrains and essential commodities, the Uttar Pradesh Chief Minister said Mr. Pawar's statements have further fuelled the price spiral. Ms. Mayawati said in U.P. stern directives have been issued to the officials for taking strict action against hoarders.

In fresh directives issued on Wednesday, the sub-divisional magistrates in all the 71 districts have been directed to conduct weekly surprise inspection of the markets for keeping a check on the prices.

Ms. Mayawati criticised the Maharashtra Government's decision on making the knowledge of Marathi language and 15 years duration of residing in the state mandatory for giving permits for new taxis. Stating that the decision is politically motivated, the UP CM expressed the Bahujan Samaj Party's opposition to the move.

http://beta.thehindu.com/news/states/other-states/article83299.ece

Despite the great "restraint" shown by India after the Mumbai attacks by Pakistan-based militants, New Delhi could easily lose
Robert Gates
patience if there were a repeat attack, US Defense Secretary Robert Gates said on Wednesday.

"I think it's not unreasonable to assume Indian patience would be limited were there to be further attacks," Gates told reporters on a trip to New Delhi. Gates described India as a vital strategic partner fighting the threat posed by Islamist militants in Afghanistan and Pakistan.

The 2008 attacks on Mumbai, which left 166 dead and which India has blamed on the Pakistan-based Islamist group Lashkar-e-Taiba, underlined the importance of maritime security, he said. "The attack in Mumbai came from the sea. So there's a definite need to track the movement of people who want to do harm to us out there," the official said.

In separate meetings with Prime Minister Manmohan Singh and Foreign Minister S.M. Krishna on Tuesday, Gates discussed "regional security" and offered reassurances over the target date of July 2011 for starting a drawdown of American forces, a US defence official said.

Gates, mindful of India's concerns about an early US exit, pledged the United States would remain committed to Kabul with major economic and diplomatic support even as its military presence is gradually scaled back after mid-2011, the official told reporters.

He told PM and Krishna that "we intend to be involved in the region for a very long time," said the official, who spoke on condition of anonymity.

The visit of Gates signifies the first high-level talks between the two countries after Manmohan Singh's visit to the US last November.

His visit comes at a time when India-US relations are at their best in decades.

Primitive tribes left in lurch, no devp benefits reach them: Commission

20 Jan 2010, 2006 hrs IST, Nageshwar Patnaik , ET Bureau
PUCL, April 2006

When state makes war on its own people

A report on violations of people's rights during the Salwa Judum campaign in Dantewada, Chhitsgarh, April 2006

Since June 2005, Dantewada District (formerly part of Bastar district), Chhattisgarh, has been in the news for an alleged uprising of adivasis against the Communist Party of India (Maoist). Most media and official reports described this movement, known as Salwa Judum, as a spontaneous and self-initiated reaction to Maoist oppression, and hailed it as a turning point in the fight against Naxalism.

At the same time, a few reports indicated that people had been displaced in large numbers and were living in miserable conditions in camps. While this was officially attributed to Maoist threats and retaliation against those joining the Salwa Judum, stray news also came in about the forcible emptying out of villages as part of the government's anti-Maoist policy, and of excesses committed by members of the Salwa Judum and security forces.

A fourteen-member team from five organizations conducted an investigation between 28 November and 1 December 2005 in Bijapur and Bhairamgarh blocks of Dantewada district, focusing specifically on the violation of human rights and the impact on people's everyday lives. The organisations are: People's Union for Civil Liberties (PUCL) Chhattisgarh, People's Union For Civil Liberties (PUCL) Jharkhand, People's Union for Democratic Rights (PUDR) Delhi, Association for the Protection of Democratic Rights (APDR) West Bengal, and Indian Association of People's Lawyers (IAPL).

The information in this report is based on: a) Discussions with government officials and paramilitary forces; b) interviews with people in Bhairamgarh, Matwada, Meertur and Gangaloor camps; c) discussions with people we met in villages that we visited, d) interviews with leaders and members of the Salwa Judum; and e) discussions with fact-finding members of a CPI team. We have also relied on the CPI's Open Letter to the Prime Minister dated 16 November 2005, detailing their findings, two CPI (Maoist) press releases dated 10 October 2005 and 20 November 2005, and their Dandakaranya Special Zonal Committee newsletter, Prabhat, dated July-December 2005, as well as press clippings from June 2005 till the present. On the basis of the fact-finding, three facts stood out strongly, all of which ran counter to the government's assertions: First, it is clear that the Salwa Judum is not a spontaneous people's movement, but a state-organized anti-insurgency campaign. Second, it is misleading to describe the situation as simply one where ordinary villagers are caught between the Maoists and the military. The Maoists have widespread support and as long as people continued to live in the villages, it was difficult for the government to isolate the Maoists. Rather than questioning its own nonperformance on basic development, the government has resorted to clearing villages on a large scale. Tens of thousands of people are now refugees in temporary roadside camps or living with relatives with complete disruption of their daily lives. Prospects for their return are currently dim. Third, the entire operation, instead of being a peace mission as it is claimed, has escalated violence on all sides.

However, only the murders by Maoists are recognized, and the Salwa Judum and paramilitary operate with complete impunity. The rule of law has completely broken down.

Full report (pdf)

Press Release at Raipur, 2nd December 2005

http://www.pucl.org/Topics/Human-rights/2006/slawajudum.htm

Salwa Judum

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Salwa Judum (meaning "Peace March" in Gondi language) is an anti-Naxalite movement in Chhattisgarh, India, which started in 2005 as a people's resistance movement against the naxalites, a far-left movement in some states in rural India that is designated by India as a terrorist organization on account of their violent Maoist activities in the state[1] The Salwa Judum movement later received bi-partisan support from both the opposition and ruling parties.[1][2] A few years later the state government adopted the salwa judum movement in order to restore democratic rule to the regions where the naxalites had established themselves by force[3].

Naxalite forces had come to control parts of the Indian state of Chhattisgarh by claiming to wage a "people's war" against the Indian state allegedly in favor of neglected tribal minorities in the region. They have been heavily criticized for violent revolutionary activities and vicious campaigns of terrorism, including forced sterilization and cannibalism[4].

Chhattisgarh state has over the years trained a number of SPOs or 'Special Police Officers', from amongst the tribals, who are part of Salwa Judum in the state, also with its formation the state witnessed a marked rise in success against Naxalite action [5], as a result in 2008, Chhattisgarh along with neighboring Jharkhand accounted for over 65% of the total naxal violence in the country [6]. The Chhattisgarh government on February 5, 2009, told the Supreme Court that the Salwa Judum was slowly disappearing in the State.[7].

With success of counter-strikes on Naxalite hideouts in south Chhattisgarh, Maoist activities in the bordering districts of Orissa saw a rise in 2008, thus in Feb 2009, the Central government announced its plans for simultaneous, co-ordinated counter-operations in all Maoist extremism-hit states - Chhattisgarh, Orissa, Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, Jharkhand, Bihar, UP and West Bengal, to plug all possible escape routes of Naxalites [8].

Contents

[hide]

[edit] History

Salwa Judum's members in Southern Chhattisgarh

Bastar and Dantewada districts of Chhattisgarh have traditionally been sparsely populated, rich in natural resources, and yet some of the poorest tribal regions. Here the Maoist terrorists (Naxalites) have continued to enlarge their base by enslaving the local tribals over the past two decades, by the 1990s, they had formed a parallel government like the Taliban in the region, even issuing diktats to the tribals of the region [9]. The first rebellion against the Naxalites was the 'Jan Jagran Abhiyan', started by Mahendra Karma in 1991; this later collapsed, leading to large scale killings of tribals by Naxalites. So when another uprising occurred against Maoist diktats in 2005, like ban on collection of Tendu leaves, and participating in state elections, tribals near Kutru village in Bijapur tehsil of Dantewada district took out rallies in June 2005 [9], this time the government supported it. Later these tribals ran for safety to police camps fearing backlash from the Maoist (Naxalites), which in turn provided them protection. This was the beginning of the police support to the movement, a local tribal leader, Mahendra Karma, a Congress MLA and the leader of opposition in the State Legislative Assembly, jumped into the fray as a political opportunity becoming the public front he took the Bijapur-based movement to Dantewada, Katreli and other villages in the region [10][11].

As Salwa Judum got stronger in the coming months, holding rallies village after village, and recruiting members, and its member started getting armed as SPOs as a part of setting up local vigilante groups across villages, as a government's counter insurgency move [12], the conflict with the Naxalites also escalated, and by September over 10,000 villagers from in Dantewada district of Chhattisgarh had to flee home fearing Naxalite action [13], even the government forces had to bear the brunt of retaliatory moves of the Naxalites [14][15], and increased activity of the Naxalite outfit Communist Party of India (Maoist) was also reported in the following months [16]. By end 2006, just as tens of thousands of tribals, many carrying bows and arrows, gathered in the state capital, Raipur, protesting against Maoist rebel violence [17], over 50,000 people had already been displaced by the conflict [18]

As the situation further escalated in the coming years, Human Rights Watch reported atrocities at both ends, and reported large scale displacement of the civilian population caught in the conflict between the Naxalites and Salwa Judum activists with at least 100,000 people moving to various camps in southern Chhattisgarh or fleeing to neighbouring Andhra Pradesh as of early 2008.[19][20], By mid-2008 the figure grew to 150,000 tribals being displaced.[21].

As on March 4 2006, a total of 45,958 Adivasi villagers from 644 villages in 6 blocks of Dantewada district have come under Salwa Judum programme, showing the popularity of the movement. Intelligence agencies strongly support the movement as front line of defence against naxalites.

Since the inception of the movement in 2005, over 800 people, including some 300 security personnel, have been killed by the Naxalites, SPO deaths alone total 98 — one in 2005; 29 in 2006; 66 in 2007; and 20 in 2008 [11][22], when the Maoists rebels continued their attacks, though now considerably less dramatic from the previous years, they were now splitting into smaller groups and specifically targeting Salwa Judum leaders and security personnel who were ambushed in weekly markets in remote areas, and their weapons stolen, also posters threatening Salwa Judum leaders continued to appear in villages across Dantewada and Bijapur [23]. However by mid-2008, movement's frontliner, Mahender Karma announced that it will soon cease to exist [21], and end 2008, saw Salwa Judum which had controlled the lives of tribal people in camps and its influenced villages for nearly three years losing its hold in the region; the number of people living in the camps dropped from earlier 50,000 to 13,000 and public support was dwindled away [24]. An NHRC report published in October 2008, said that Salwa Judum having lost its earlier momentum was only restricted to its 23 camps in the Dantewada and Bijapur districts of Chhattisgarh [25]

[edit] Development of Special Police Officers (SPOs)

Location of Dantewada and Bastar districts, the most affected regions in Chhattisgarh

The Chhattisgarh state Police employs tribal youths as SPOs (Special Police Officers), which are essentially 4,000 youth, both ex-Naxalites and those drawn from Salwa Judum camps in the Bastar region, who are paid an honorarium of Rs 3,300 per month, with government of India contributing Rs 1,800 and the state police pitching in with another Rs 1,500, and given general weapon handling training, mostly .303 rifles, under the provisions of the Police Act which provides for engaging a person to assist security forces, and employed in the five Naxal-affected districts of Bastar region, to lead and guide the anti-Naxal forces during operations in the inhospitable jungles of Bastar and also to keep guard at relief camps housing Salwa Judum families.

In 2008, there were 23 Salwa Judum camps in Bijapur and Dantewara districts of Bastar region where almost 50,000 tribals from over 600 villages had settled [11][22]. The government has defended the Salwa Judum movement and refrained from discrediting it, despite pressure from it Left allies, as setting up Village Defence Committees (VDCs), has been a tested model of police-civilian co-operation in conflict area such as Jammu & Kashmir and the Northeast, and dacoit-infested areas of Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan and UP[26]. Union Minister of Home Affairs, P. Chidambaram has praised the role of special police officers (SPOs) in fighting Naxalism and called for their appointment "wherever required." [27], while the Chhattisgarh Chief Minister, Raman Singh has stated that "Salwa Judum is the answer to get rid of the naxal menace in the state.." [28].

[edit] Controversy

There have been numerous reports that the Salwa Judum had recruited minors for its armed forces. A primary survey evaluated by the Forum for Fact-finding Documentation and Advocacy (FFDA) determined that over 12,000 minors were being used by the Salwa Judum in the southern district of Dantewada and that the Chhattisgarh Government had "officially recruited 4200 Special Police Officers (SPOs); many of them being easily identifiable as minors".[29] The Asian Centre for Human Rights (ACHR) also found that the Salwa Judum had engaged in the recruitment of child soldiers.[30] Similar recruitment findings were also reported in the Coalition to Stop the Use of Child Soldiers's "Child Soldiers Global Report 2008 – India".[31]

Some human rights organizations affiliated to Maoist such as the People's Union for Civil Liberties has raised allegations that Salwa Judum is a government-backed organisation [32][33][34], supported by the Chhattisgarh government, but a fact finding commission of National Human Rights Commission of India (NHRC), appointed by Supreme Court of India found out that Salwa Judum was a "spontaneous reaction by the tribals to defend themselves against the "reign of terror unleashed by the Naxalites." The report also said that, 15 years after Jan Jagran Abhiyan , an earlier attempt to deal with Naxalites, "local tribals once again mustered courage to stand up to the Naxalites, which only goes to show their sense of desperation".[25][35]. It also found out that allegations against Salwa Judum were distortions of truth by some biased human right organisations.[36]

In its report released in 2007, the Committee Against Violence On Women (CAVOW), linked significant increase in incidences of violence against women in Chhattisgarh's Dantewara district to Maoist, and called for a review of the Government's counter-insurgency strategy [37].

In April 2008, a Supreme Court bench directed the state Government to refrain from allegedly supporting and encouraging the Salwa Judum: "It is a question of law and order. You cannot give arms to somebody (a civilian) and allow him to kill. You will be an abettor of the offence under Section 302 of the Indian Penal Code."; the state government had earlier denied, Salwa Judum being a state-sponsored movement [22][38], later it directed the state government to take up the remedial measures suggested in the NHRC earlier report [39]

In December 2008, replying to a petition filed in the Supreme Court, the state government acknowledged that Salwa Judum and security forces had burnt houses and looted property [40]

Later In September 2009 the government of India defended the Chhattisgarh government's Salwa Judum strategy of arming tribals to attack Maoist insurgents and their sympathizers. "I think the Salwa Judum was a genuine people's movement and the naxalites were frightened by it. But thanks to NGOs and other extraneous elements, it was undermined and completely destroyed."[41]

[edit] Effects

Encouraged by the highly positive results of the movement in the region, the government is planning to launch a people's movement in insurgency hit state of Manipur on similar lines. In 2006, Karnataka raised a similar force employing tribals youths to fight Naxalism in the state, as did Andhra Pradesh prior to it [42] Jharkhand is another state that has been successfully using SPOs to counter Leftwing terrorists.[27]

[edit] In media

[edit] Further reading

  • The Adivasis of Chhattisgarh: Victims of the Naxalite Movement and Salwa Judum Campaign, by Asian Centre for Human Rights. Published by Asian Centre for Human Rights, 2006.

[edit] References

  1. ^ a b [1] Ramachandra Guha.
  2. ^ [2] Kanchan Gupta.
  3. ^ [3] Pioneer
  4. ^ [4] The Hindu
  5. ^ CoBRA reaches Bastar to join anti-Naxal ops Indian Express, February 5, 2009.
  6. ^ Centre gives its tacit approval to Salwa Judum Times of India, January 8, 2009.
  7. ^ .Salwa Judum disappearing: Chhattisgarh The Hindu, Friday, February 6, 2009.
  8. ^ Co-ordinated operations to flush out Naxalites soon Economic Times, February 6, 2009.
  9. ^ a b The saga of Salwa Judum in Chhattisgarh E.A.S. Sarma , The Hindu, June 26, 2006.
  10. ^ Inside India's hidden war The Guardian, May 9, 2006.
  11. ^ a b c 'Salwa Judum can't work in the long run' Chhattisgarh Director General of Police Vishwa Ranjan. Business Standard, January 13, 2008.
  12. ^ Villagers take on India's Maoists BBC News, June 23, 2006.
  13. ^ War against Naxals that backfired The Times of India, September 25, 2005.
  14. ^ Meeting the Naxal challenge Rediff.com, October 11, 2005.
  15. ^ Landmine attack near Bijapur in which 24 security personnel, including 22 CRPF personnel killed The Hindu, Monday, September 5, 2005.
  16. ^ Naxal outfit Communist Party of India (Maoist) becomes active The Hindu, December 30, 2005.
  17. ^ People power to combat Maoists The Telegraph, December 20, 2006.
  18. ^ Indian tribals march, vow to defeat Maoists Reuters, Boston Globe, December 19, 2006.
  19. ^ 'Salwa Judum, forces too violating rights' The Times of India, July 16, 2008."The 182-page report — 'Being Neutral Is Our Biggest Crime: Government, Vigilante and Naxalite Abuses in India's Chhattisgarh State' — documents human rights abuses against civilians, particularly tribals, caught in a tug-of-war between government forces, Salwa Judum and Naxalites. "
  20. ^ Indian state 'backing vigilantes' BBC News, July 15, 2008.
  21. ^ a b How the Salwa Judum experiment went wrong The Mint, July 10, 2008.
  22. ^ a b c Hearing plea against Salwa Judum, SC says State cannot arm civilians to kill Indian Express, April 1, 2008.
  23. ^ at least 18 people associated with Salwa Judum were killed during this period .. Indian Express, July 23, 2008.
  24. ^ Salwa Judum may stay in Bastar after polls NDTV, November 13, 2008.
  25. ^ a b 'Existence of Salwa Judum necessary' Economic Times, October 6, 2008.
  26. ^ Centre defends Salwa Judum as necessity Economic Times, April 2, 2008.
  27. ^ a b Chidambaram all praise for SPOs Economic Times, January 8, 2009.
  28. ^ Salwa Judum is answer to naxal menace: Raman Singh Times of India, January 10, 2009.
  29. ^ Zemp, Ueli; Mohapatra, Subash (2007-07-29). "Child Soldiers in Chhattisgarh: Issues, Challenges and FFDA's Response". http://www.otherindia.org/dev/images/stories/feda_child.pdf. Retrieved 2009-05-31. 
  30. ^ The Adivasis of Chhattisgarh: Victims of the Naxalite Movement and Salwa Judum Campaign. New Delhi: Asian Centre for Human Rights. 2006. p. 42. ISBN 81-88987-14-X. http://www.achrweb.org/reports/india/Chattis0106.pdf. Retrieved 2009-05-31. 
  31. ^ "Child Soldiers Global Report 2008 – India". Coalition to Stop the Use of Child Soldiers. 2008-05-20. http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/topic,463af2212,469f2dcf2,486cb108c,0.html. Retrieved 2009-05-31. 
  32. ^ "Findings about the Salwa Judum in Dantewara district". 2005-02-12. http://www.pucl.org/Topics/Human-rights/2005/salwa-judum-report.htm. 
  33. ^ "Salwa Judum report". South Asia Intelligence Review of the South Asia Terrorism Portal. http://www.satp.org/satporgtp/sair/archives/4_33.htm. 
  34. ^ "Salwa Judum report". Asian Council For Human Rights. http://www.achrweb.org/Review/2006/117-06.htm. 
  35. ^ DNAIndia
  36. ^ dnaIndia
  37. ^ Report recommends withdrawal of Salwa Judum The Hindu, January 19, 2007.
  38. ^ SC raps Chattisgarh on Salwa Judum Rediff.com, March 31, 2008.
  39. ^ Implement NHRC recommendations on Salwa Judum, Supreme Court asks Chhattisgarh government The Hindu, September 20, 2008.
  40. ^ Salwa Judum victims assured of relief The Hindu, December 16, 2008.
  41. ^ Centre for new war on Maoists "The Hindu",September 24, 2009.
  42. ^ Tribal youths will now fight Naxals The Times of India, May 11, 2006.
  43. ^ India's Hidden War Channel 4, Friday 27 October 2006.

[edit] External links

Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salwa_Judum"