palashcbiswas,
gostokanan, sodepur, kolkata-700110 phone:033-25659551
From: "communistpartyofpakistan@yahoogroups.com" <communistpartyofpakistan@yahoogroups.com>
To: communistpartyofpakistan@yahoogroups.com
Sent: Wednesday, 29 April, 2009 19:42:10
Subject: [communistpartyofpakistan] Digest Number 1360
There are 11 messages in this issue.
Topics in this digest:
1. Alternative concepts for revenue sharing
From: Mir Raza
2. Pakistan and Islam
From: Mir Raza
3. TURKYman Samsuddin Ansari's marriage story !
From: S Turkman
4. Terrorism in S Asia
From: S Turkman
5. Outstanding Japan !!!
From: SBK
6. 6760 Ghost Schools in Sindh
From: S Turkman
7. Maulana Wahiduddin Khan: Muslims and the Muslim Press
From: yogi sikand
8. Taliban conducted Lower Dir toy bombing
From: S Turkman
9. CUBA-US & THE OAS
From: niurka
10. Faltering US strategy by Masood Sharif Khan Khattak
From: Mansoor Hallaj
11. Story of Sindh Ghost schools
From: S Turkman
Messages
________________________________________________________________________
1. Alternative concepts for revenue sharing
Posted by: "Mir Raza" mirsalimraza@yahoo.com mirsalimraza
Date: Tue Apr 28, 2009 9:04 am ((PDT))
Tax collection rights and apportionment of revenue among the provinces and the federation have always remained a bone of contention.
Of seven NFC awards, consensus was reached in 1974, 1991 and in 1997. A compromise was hammered out on four NFCs in 1979, 1984, 2000 and 2005.
The Centre has grabbed provinces' right of collecting sales tax on goods and services, sales tax on utilities i.e. gas, power and telephone and two per cent fee from provinces on collections under provincial sales.
Recently, the prime minister's adviser on finance said the federal government was contemplating taxes on agriculture, real estate and capital markets.
Because of the revenues are shared on population-based, Punjab always gets away with a lion's share of the pie. Punjab's insistence on a population-based distribution has always remained uncalled-for other provinces.
What's worrying is that the PPP government is working on an old unworkable formula of bottom-to-up tax collection and up-to-bottom redistribution, instead of cobbling together a package acceptable for all.
In my article published in Dawn on April 27, 2009, I've worked out four alternative concepts for revenue sharing; first 'fiscal autonomy for provinces' concept given by Barrister Zamir Ghumro, the second 'formula based on 50-50 sharing' concept given by former MNA Mujeeb Pirzado, the third 'multiple criteria' as demanded by Sindh Democratic Forum secretary Zulfiqar Halepoto and the forth concept is based on the Sindh Assembly resolution.
To read the article visit my blog link given below.
Regards,
Manzoor Chandio
Blog: http://manzoorchand io.blogspot. com/
Messages in this topic (1)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
2. Pakistan and Islam
Posted by: "Mir Raza" mirsalimraza@yahoo.com mirsalimraza
Date: Tue Apr 28, 2009 9:04 am ((PDT))
A Response to NY Times columnist on "Pakistan and Islam"
Share
Today at 4:53pm
Kristof is a columnist.. his column below is an addendum after talking to the Karachi mayor. http://kristof. blogs.nytimes.com/2009/ 04/25/pakistan-and-islam
My response:
http://kristof. blogs.nytimes.com/2009/ 04/25/pakistan-and-islam/# comment-126553
The conjecture that education has something to do with this is not borne out by the facts. For one, what is taught in the education system is itself a reflection of a country's elite and in case of Pakistan this means increasing intolerance (and I am referring to official textbooks, not Madrassas).
Pakistan is divided into many nations with different values. Among Sindhis (about 20% of the population but virtually absent in the Pakistani military), sufism hold sway and there is strong condemnation for the Taliban (both in the media and among the illiterate masses). Mr. Zardari, like Ms. Bhutto, is a Sindhi.
On the other hand, the greatest sympathy with the Taliban is among the Punjabis (who are 90% of the military and control it entirely), both educated ones as well as illiterates. Consider the example of a Punjabi politician, Mr. Imran Khan–someone well-educated and even lived in the UK for many years playing cricket, and married a British heiress, but who is still a Taliban sympathizer: "We are waging war against terrorism on the directives of US. The rulers are destroying the country by waging this war because it is not our own war." He is approving of the Taliban deal and imposing Sharia. http://onlinenews. com.pk/details.php?id= 14445493
All the funding for education will not change this mindset, unless you can control the curriculum and find the teachers who are willing to directly challenge the values of a culture.
— Gul Agha
--
Gul Agha
Champaign, Illinois, USA
Sindhi Blog:
<http://shikarpuri. wordpress. com>
<http://shikarpuri. wordpress. com/pdf-version/>
گل آغا
پروفيسر، يونيورسٽي اِلِينوآءِ جيِ اربانا شيمپين ۾،
اِلِينوآءِ، آميريڪا جون گڏيل رياستون
<http://osl.cs. uiuc.edu>
Messages in this topic (1)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
3. TURKYman Samsuddin Ansari's marriage story !
Posted by: "S Turkman" turkman@sbcglobal.net torkmaan
Date: Tue Apr 28, 2009 9:04 am ((PDT))
These Punjabi Racist Ethnic Bigots lie so much like that makes me think, they believe there's no God or if He exists, He is also a Punjabi Pakistani. These Bigots chase me to every Internet Forum I join and then start writing to the Moderator their lies about me all the time so, they have gotten me kicked out of a lot of forums. These people are use Foul Language a lot. Following are the Forums ran by these Bigots besides many others.
1. Pakistan Affairs (they never approved my membership on it so, I never posted anything on it).
2. Free Speech. (It believes in Free speech so much that it kicked me out).
3. Pakistan Forum
4. lahore_lahore_hai
5. Karachi-Ancholi
6. Rawalpindi Forum
7. Islamabad Forum
8. Humara-Group
9. Proud Pakistani
10. Multiculturalism-PluralismGroup
11. Cafe Pakistan
12. Dubai-expats
13. Emergency
14. The KarachiWorld
15. Multan
16. Muslimpv
17. overseas.pakitanis
18. Pakisani
19. PakistaniAmericans
20. PakistanFront
21. PakSocialists
22. PakCommunists
There are also dozens of Forums put out by Mollaas and Extremist Moslims. You object to any of their foolishness, they would kick you out. They want nobody to raise any objection to what they post just like a Mollaa in his Mosque. They expect everybody to say, 'Aameen' to everything they post. These people also use foul language.
My high School certificate does not say 'Ansari' and I have never been called that and this Punjabi Racist Bigot is also mis-spelling my first name.
--- On Mon, 4/27/09, Z T Minhas <ztminhas@yahoo.com> wrote:
Jao dafa ho jao turkeybuttocks. If he leaves this forum this will be yet ANOTHER forum that rejected him. Cuz everyone hates his guts.
here is how he operated on 3 groups
1. pakistanaffairs - anti pakistani pro bangla pro mqm nonsense
2. bangla-vision - anti bangla pro pakistani nonsense
3. notunbangladesh - anti bangla pro pakistani nonsense
You see the modus operandi of this mother fucker? Oh turkeybuttocks your kids hate you too...
Z T
From: Saien BC <real_sindhi@yahoo.com>
To: WideMinds@yahoogroups.com
Cc: pakistan-zindabad@yahoogroups.com; Pak thinktank <pakthinktank@yahoogroups.com>; PakistanAffairs@Yahoogroups.com; G o <geokarachi@yahoogroups.com>; urdu@yahoogroups.com; urdu2@yahoogroups.com; FreeSpeechGroup@yahoogroups.com
Sent: Monday, April 27, 2009 9:53:41 AM
Subject: [PakistanAffairs] Re: [WideMinds] TURKYman Samsuddin Ansari's marriage story !
--- On Sun, 4/26/09, turkman@sbcglobal.net wrote: ............
> ............................................... OH Mommy ....
From: turkman@sbcglobal.net <turkman@sbcglobal.net>
Subject: [WideMinds] TURKYman Samsuddin Ansari's marriage story !
To: WideMinds@yahoogroups.com
Date: Sunday, April 26, 2009, 11:29 PM
Betty,
All this is made-up Interview. I demand this jerk provide a tape or video of my wife saying all this or he should be kicked out of this forum. If you don't, I would quit this forum and this is a promise.
--- In WideMinds@yahoogrou ps.com, Saien BC <real_sindhi@ ...> wrote:
>
>
> Turkeyman Samsuddin Ansai is married 2 a white woman . Here is his conversation with her .......
>
> Before Marriage
>
> TURKEYman: Yes. At last. It was so hard to wait.
>
> She: Do you want me to leave?
>
> TURKEYman:: NO! Don't even think about it.
>
> She: Do you love me?
>
> TURKEYman:: Of course! Over and over!
>
> She: Have you ever cheated on me?
>
> TURKEYman:: NO! Why are you even asking?
>
> She: Will you kiss me?
>
> TURKEYman:: Every chance I get!
>
> She: Will you hit me?
>
> TURKEYman: Are you crazy! I'm not that kind of person!
>
> She: Can I trust you?
>
> TURKEYman:: Yes.
>
> She: Darling!
>
> After marriage...
>
> Simply read from bottom to top......... .........
>
>
>
>
>
> Always learn - always teach. No topic taboo - no word dirty.
> ------------ --------- --------- --------- ---- ..
>
>
Messages in this topic (1)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
4. Terrorism in S Asia
Posted by: "S Turkman" turkman@sbcglobal.net torkmaan
Date: Tue Apr 28, 2009 9:04 am ((PDT))
PRESS CONFERENCE Date: 23rd April 2009
International Press Club, Geneva
TERRORISM IN SOUTH ASIA
Before discussing terrorism, it would be better to talk something about the 21st centuries conflicts, which were also an ugly gift of the last century left to the world unsolved.
FOR 20 years or more, a few of us in Pakistan and its occupied Balawaristan (Pakistan Occupied Gilgit Baltistan) and Pakistan Occupied Jammu & Kashmir (PoK) have been desperately sending out SOS messages, warning of terrible times to come. No one could predicted how the world would be facing the ugly face of terrorism which is the offshoot of USSR invasion in Afghanistan or USA, Europe and Muslim world coalition against USSR vice versa.
No one was giving worth consideration to the sectarian/religious hatred which was taught and propagated during General Zia Military regime of Pakistan against non-Muslims and even fellow Muslims in early eighties, when General Zia massacred thousands people of Gilgit by the same Pathan/Pashtoon terrorists (who are now known as Talibaan) on the basis of religious hatred, who did not become the part of his so-called Jehad . After 09/11, the world again has been crying against terrorism. But again the peaceful and democratic voices of the oppressed people of Balawaristan and PoK are ignored. There is no voice in the main world body like UNO and even in UNHRC for these oppressed people of Balawaristan, PoK and Baluchistan. The voices of the oppressed people are suffocated in both the places, by in-human and injustice orders and rules of the influential powers.
UNHRC dictates what one has to say or not to say, is this a freedom of speech?. In many cases the aggressors are protected by not allowing the victim to even mention his/her name in the UNHRC Geneva, will this end the conflicts in the future?.
Secondly, the world community is protecting the aggressor and terrorist master and its financier, by terming terrorism as act of non-state actor. Everybody knows, the terrorists who have been fighting against the powerful NATO forces with equal modern weapons continuously for the last many years, is not possible without state/states.
Thirdly, the sale of nuclear bombs and its technology in the world like a hot cake, but the blame was put on one person.
Abdul Qadir Khan alone was held responsible for the vast Nuclear proliferation of Pakistan was by ignoring the fact that he was the head of a Military controlled institution, where even the civilian Prime Ministers of Pakistan were and are not allowed to visit. Such ignorance of the world community would lead towards unending crisis of terrorism and other grave problems in the world.
The masters, perpetrators and financier of terrorists are governments not individuals. But it's strange, an oil rich country who finance to sale its hatred ideas by another friendly country which is economically crippled but manage to intact the terrorist network for its economical benefits are eluding. On the other hand this terrorist master country has managed to fool the world by terming itself as equal victim of terrorism. This so-called victim country is still running and supporting
terrorist network by its intelligence agency as Military war policy. The so-called civilian democratic government has nothing
to do with such matters.
While nobody cares towards the flow of money from a particular country, which is responsible of the mushrooming Madrasas, mosques and other religious activities instead of modern Education, health and other social sector for the betterment of the human being. USA, Europe and some other countries and Banks which provide aids, loans and technologies are also helping Pakistan Army and its intelligence agency to promote terrorism.
The imposition of Sharia law in Swat and Malakand Division of NWFP is not a step taken hastily by the government of Pakistan.
This is a long history that emerged during late General Zia the Military dictator of Pakistan who adopt religious extremism as state policy in eighties.
The deployment of Pakistani Military along the Durand line was nothing but to keep the Taliban and Al-Qaeda activities alive and as safe as possible by keeping away unwanted people from this zone. If Pakistani Military had to fight against Taliban and Al-Qaeda sincerely then the strength of these terrorists would have not been increased with the passage of time as it has happened now.
The so-called fight against terrorism by Pakistani Military is nothing but an exercise to make Taliban stronger and more aggressive. These Taliban and other terrorists can be used against India, Afghanistan, USA and other countries as a part of its future strategy, because Pakistani Military has no courage to fight directly.
The war of Talibaan and that of Al-Qaeda are planned and implemented with full assistance from Pakistan Army and its ISI. To introduce Sharia throughout Pakistan in due course is pre-plan of Pakistan Army to get money both from USA and Saudi Arab. Everyone knows that the communication facility used by Talibaan without being interrupted is due to ISI Talibaan understanding, else how could one explain Taliban and Al Qaeda managing to deliver their propaganda material and how do they contact the media? This cannot be done without full support from the ISI. Why has Pakistani forces and its ISI failed to cut the militants' supply lines; how journalists can talk to Fazlullah and other Talibaans but security forces are unable to trace them; how Sufi Mohammad was able to meet with Fazlullah along with heavy convoy. If the state's helplessness is genuine, how was the administration able to successfully hold general elections in Swat?
Now, there is an alarming situation not only for non-Wahabi of NWFP but also for the whole of Pakistan as well as for the region. The current deal of Pakistani civil government with Taliban will boost the morale of Terrorists all over the
whole world. Taliban menace will not stop here in Swat and Malakhand but this will catch on to neighbouring countries from India Afghanistan, Central Asia up to Europe and even America.
ISI has started to create sectarian tension among Shia and Sooni of Gilgit by killing people of both the sects, with the intention to extend its Sharia law to this disputed part of Jammu & Kashmir, which borders with China, Afghanistan, India and Central Asia. People of both the sect are killed in front of the Pakistani forces by ISI agents. The commanders of the Pakistani forces check posts remain silent spectators when people are get killed in front of their check posts. Some commanders openly said
when local ask them to interfere that they were ordered by high-ups to remain mum during sectarian clashes.
World community should notice the new attempt of ISI to bring Balawaristan (Pakistan occupied Gilgit Baltistan) as Talibaan war field after Swat, so the people would be punished till their resistance power against the occupation would be perished. To imposition Sharia law is ISI's nuclear bomb for the region.
China has also been strengthening its presence by the pretext of building Road and mining purpose in this region. More than 5000 Chinese well equipped Military personnel have been deployed on the KKH (Karakorum Highway) to occupy this immediate neighbour disputed territory in case Pakistan fails to keep its hold. This is happening with mutual understanding between Pakistan Army and Chinese communist government.
The World should also consider the fate of non-Muslim communities of (Kalash) of Chitral, besides Brelvi, Shia and Ismailia Muslims after this Fanatic Sect Sharia laws are imposed. There is no common Sharia law in the whole Muslim world. This Fanatic Sect dominated Pakistan Army wants to impose Fanatic Sect type of religion over the whole Pakistan by using the menace of Talibaan. This is the reason Pakistan Army and its ISI has been helping Talibaan and Al-Qaida propaganda system, weapons, ration and money flow instead of creating any hindrance. Talibaan and Al-Qaida radio, video and other propaganda system is managed by ISI. Talibaan personnel's have never been kidnapped or tortured by ISI, which Baloch Political leaders, women and children are kidnapped and killed by ISI.
Unless USA, Europe and rest of the world make a serious check on the inflow of foreign money to terrorists through Pakistani Military and its ISI, terrorism and hatred cannot be eradicated.
Saudi Arab is the main source of terrorists funds, which has been providing huge funds to the mushrooming Fanatic Sect religious Madrasas throughout Pakistan and other poor countries of South Asia and Europe. Instead of establishing and preaching good character of Islam, Saudi School of Thought is involved in hatred and non-tolerance of behaviour among the illiterate poor students and their ill-educated teachers (Moolas), which does not match the teaching and preaching of Prophet Mohammad Islam. Only one sect out of 73 sects of Islam is involved in hatred and terrorism, which is fully backed by ideology with huge funds from
Saudi kingdom. The design of Saudi Kingdom is to implement their own brand of Islam over the whole world by terrorism on one side and prolong their reign over the region on the other. The world should not call the terrorism as Islamic terrorism, because out of 73sects of Islam only One Fanatic Sect are involved in terrorism. Fanatic Sect terrorists have slaughtered women, children and men who do not follow their brand of Islam. They have been bombing Schools, shrines, mosques and disgraced saints and even prophets. Talibaan and their Al-Qaida partners have been slaughtering women, children and men because of their religious differences. In spite of all these in-human acts of Talibaan and Al-Qaida, the so-called democratic government (Military and ISI) has given them full authority in Swat and extended their rule up to Malakand and Kohistan of Pakistan, by leaving Brelvi, Soonis, Shia, Ismailis and Kalash of Chitral on the total mercy of
Talibaan and Al-Qaida. If the world want to isolate terrorism, it should differentiate between peaceful sects of Islam and terror sect. The TERM Wahabi Terrorists should be used instead of Islamic terrorism. This unjust behaviour of world media and leaders has put the peaceful sects of Islam and democratic forces among the Muslim community in an awkward situation. The world should rely on the peaceful and democratic forces of the Muslim community.
I think, now the light of a small candle has been lit towards this huge cave of terrorist network by Barack Obama the newly elected president of America, but more bold steps to be taken to eradicate the terrorist funding system emerges from Saudi Kingdom along with the punishment of the terrorist master, i.e. Pakistan Army and it's ISI.
I would like to quote one of my letter dated 17th Sep.2001 to the then President of USA George W. Bush which was published in my book title "THE LAST COLONY OF 21 CENTURY" on 1st Nov 2001.
"Though Pakistan has announced its willing to allow US forces but it will try to dodge USA habitually by providing regular training in religious Schools (Madrasas)" and safe passage to terrorists. US forces must check on ISI and the supply routes of Pakistan, its accounts and training camps, Religious parties offices, Religious Schools throughout Pakistani sea, land and Air, besides Balawaristan (Pakistan occupied Gilgit Baltistan) and Chitral. Pakistan has been using these routes to supply arms and ammunitions and men for Talibaan. If Pakistan gets succeeded to dodge USA this time, then the terrorism will never end but it will encourage the terrorism and the result will be more terrible then the current. Besides USA, Europe usually and Britain particularly must eradicate the Fanatic Sect terrorist network within its country."
One should seriously consider the double standard of Pakistan Army which has the real power, how it has been announcing to ban different terrorist organizations including Lashkar-e-Toiba and Tehreke Nifaze Sharia, when USA and Europe exerted pressure. After many years of the so-called paper ban, Pakistan announced, it has raided Lashkare camps in PoK and other areas and arrested some top terrorists, but it was also eye wash of the civilized world. It means the so-called announcement of General Musharraf to ban Lashkar-e-Taiba in the past was not true. The recent agreement with the leader of the so-called banned Tehreke Nifaz-e- Sharia Mohmadi of Sofi Mohammad by the so-called democratic government of Pakistan has also proved it's previous announcement to ban it was wrong.
The democratic government in Pakistan have no knowledge and control the matters related to Pakistan Army, it,s ISI and its terrorist network.
The ongoing war on terror in Waziristan, Bajawor, Swat and other parts of Pakistan is not a genuine war, its a part of a training of Pakistani forces with their Talibaan, Al-Qaida and other allies. The aim of helping and promoting Talibaan and Al-Qaida in the region, is to fight against NATO and Indian forces in near future like in the manner what Iraqi Soonis were fighting after Saddam Hussain downfall, because Pakistan Army has no courage to fight against NATO and Indian forces itself.
Terrorism has become an industry in Pakistan for its Army and ISI top ranks. The main fund for this industry comes from Saudi Arab directly with the aim to promote its agenda of Fanatic Sects to defame the peaceful and tolerance nature of Islam. Secondly; the huge fund of USA; EU besides other international donor agencies is used to strengthen Talibaan; Al-Qaida, Lashkar-e-Toiba and other terrorist network by ISI on the direction of Pakistan Army irrespective of civil or Military government. Pakistan Army snatches more than 80 percent of all kind of International funds from civil government and spend it without any check and balance. Pakistan has been managing successfully both the foes and friends of terrorism. It gets money and other technology from USA and Europe to curb terrorism on one hand and gets money from Saudi Arab to spread Fanatic Sect on the other hand. Fanatic Sect out of 73 sects of Islam is the only sect which
teaches hatred and in-tolerance, which ultimately helps Al-Qaida, Talibaan and other terrorist organizations. I think, unless this vicious circle of money stops terrorism is never going to an end. Thus terrorism has become the only profitable industry for Pakistan Army and its ISI.
Instead of helping NATO forces the deployment of Pakistan Army along with the borders with Afghanistan is protecting Talibaan and Al-Qaida.
Gen Retired Aziz was working as link between Saudi Pakistan ISI for co-ordinator to deal financial matter of Al-qaida/Taliban. Lt Gen Retired Mehmood was looking after Qaida operational matters. Another very close friend of General Musharraf Brig retired Niaz was looking after Al-qaida Operational matters in Iraq.
In Swat, Pakistan, Pakistan Army is providing training to 700 Talibaan near a lake beyond Shangla Top towards Mingora in these days, and ISI terrorist camps in Astore and Ghowadi of Gilgit Baltistan are still intact.
Al-Qaida and Talibaan come to Pakistan Army camps in Waziristan between 3-4 AM in the dark and take huge quantity of Ammunition and Arms by mules. After this episode Pakistan Army opens its guns around 10 Am in the morning towards the dummy terrorists targets, with the intention to misguide USA and NATO coalition. That is why Talibaan and Al-Qaida are getting stronger and stronger day in day out.
Its a good indication from Obama administration towards ISI, but still it need more to be done.
We appeal to the world community to persuade China not to involve itself in the occupation process of Balawaristan (Pakistan occupied Gilgit Baltistan) by taking lease of precious mines including copper, Gold and Uranium etc), by constructing Railways and Dams to change its environment, demography and geography.
Civilized world should take serious notice of ISI,s new attempt to bring the disputed parts of Jammu & Kashmir, Occupied Gilgit Baltistan and Chitral as their war field after Swat, so the people would be killed by terrorists till their resistance power against the Pakistani occupation would be perished. To imposition of Sharia law is Pakistan Army and its ISI's nuclear bomb against the region.
The World should also consider the fate of non-Muslim communities of (Kalash) of Chitral, besides Brelvi, Shia and Ismailia Muslims after Talibaan type Sharia laws are imposed. There is no common Sharia law in the whole Muslim world. But Taliban and Al-Qaeda want to impose One Sect Islam by force.
Abdul Hamid Khan
Chairman
Balawaristan National Front (BNF)
Head Off: Majini mahla, Gilgit, Balawaristan (Pakistan Occupied Gilgit Baltistan)
www.balawaristan.net, Email: balawaristan@gmail.com,
chairmanBNF@gmail.com,balawaristan@hotmail.com Tele: 0032 22311750
Messages in this topic (1)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
5. Outstanding Japan !!!
Posted by: "SBK" sbk008@yahoo.com sbk008
Date: Tue Apr 28, 2009 9:04 am ((PDT))
#yiv1562713473 _filtered #yiv678928899 {
font-family:Calibri;}
#yiv1562713473 _filtered #yiv678928899 {
font-family:Verdana;}
#yiv1562713473 _filtered #yiv678928899 {margin:1.0in 1.25in 1.0in 1.25in;}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 #ygrp-vital A:hover {
TEXT-DECORATION:underline;}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 #ygrp-sponsor .ad A:hover {
TEXT-DECORATION:underline;}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 o {
FONT-SIZE:0px;}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 DIV.photo-title A:hover {
TEXT-DECORATION:none;}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 DIV.file-title A:hover {
TEXT-DECORATION:none;}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 #YGRP-MSG P {
OVERFLOW:hidden;}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 P.MsoNormal {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN:0in 0in 0pt;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 LI.MsoNormal {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN:0in 0in 0pt;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 DIV.MsoNormal {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN:0in 0in 0pt;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 A:link {
COLOR:blue;TEXT-DECORATION:underline;}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 SPAN.MsoHyperlink {
COLOR:blue;TEXT-DECORATION:underline;}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 A:visited {
COLOR:blue;TEXT-DECORATION:underline;}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 SPAN.MsoHyperlinkFollowed {
COLOR:blue;TEXT-DECORATION:underline;}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 P {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 CODE {
FONT-FAMILY:"Courier New";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 PRE {
FONT-SIZE:10pt;MARGIN:0in 0in 0pt;FONT-FAMILY:"Courier New";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 TT {
FONT-FAMILY:"Courier New";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 P.ad {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 LI.ad {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 DIV.ad {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 P.ad1 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 LI.ad1 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 DIV.ad1 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 P.ad2 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 LI.ad2 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 DIV.ad2 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 P.ad3 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 LI.ad3 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 DIV.ad3 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 P.ad4 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 LI.ad4 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 DIV.ad4 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 P.ad5 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 LI.ad5 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 DIV.ad5 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 P.ad6 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-BOTTOM:7.5pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 LI.ad6 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-BOTTOM:7.5pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 DIV.ad6 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-BOTTOM:7.5pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 P.ad7 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 LI.ad7 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 DIV.ad7 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 P.ad8 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-BOTTOM:7.5pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 LI.ad8 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-BOTTOM:7.5pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 DIV.ad8 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-BOTTOM:7.5pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 P.ad9 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 LI.ad9 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 DIV.ad9 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 P.ad10 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-BOTTOM:7.5pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 LI.ad10 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-BOTTOM:7.5pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 DIV.ad10 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-BOTTOM:7.5pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 P.ad11 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 LI.ad11 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 DIV.ad11 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 P.ad12 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-BOTTOM:7.5pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 LI.ad12 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-BOTTOM:7.5pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 DIV.ad12 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-BOTTOM:7.5pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 P.ad13 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 LI.ad13 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 DIV.ad13 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 P.ad14 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-BOTTOM:7.5pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 LI.ad14 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-BOTTOM:7.5pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 DIV.ad14 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-BOTTOM:7.5pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 P.ad15 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 LI.ad15 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 DIV.ad15 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 P.ad16 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-BOTTOM:7.5pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 LI.ad16 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-BOTTOM:7.5pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 DIV.ad16 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-BOTTOM:7.5pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 P.ad17 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 LI.ad17 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 DIV.ad17 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 P.ad18 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-BOTTOM:7.5pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 LI.ad18 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-BOTTOM:7.5pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 DIV.ad18 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-BOTTOM:7.5pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 P.ad19 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 LI.ad19 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 DIV.ad19 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 P.ad20 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-BOTTOM:7.5pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 LI.ad20 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-BOTTOM:7.5pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 DIV.ad20 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-BOTTOM:7.5pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 P.ad21 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 LI.ad21 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 DIV.ad21 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 P.ad22 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-BOTTOM:7.5pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 LI.ad22 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-BOTTOM:7.5pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 DIV.ad22 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-BOTTOM:7.5pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 P.ad23 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 LI.ad23 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 DIV.ad23 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 P.ad24 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-BOTTOM:7.5pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 LI.ad24 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-BOTTOM:7.5pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 DIV.ad24 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-BOTTOM:7.5pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 P.ad25 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 LI.ad25 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 DIV.ad25 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 P.ad26 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-BOTTOM:7.5pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 LI.ad26 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-BOTTOM:7.5pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 DIV.ad26 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-BOTTOM:7.5pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 P.ad27 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 LI.ad27 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 DIV.ad27 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 P.ad28 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-BOTTOM:7.5pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 LI.ad28 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-BOTTOM:7.5pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 DIV.ad28 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-BOTTOM:7.5pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 P.ad29 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 LI.ad29 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 DIV.ad29 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 P.ad30 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-BOTTOM:7.5pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 LI.ad30 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-BOTTOM:7.5pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 DIV.ad30 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-BOTTOM:7.5pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 P.ad31 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 LI.ad31 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 DIV.ad31 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 P.ad32 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-BOTTOM:7.5pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 LI.ad32 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-BOTTOM:7.5pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 DIV.ad32 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-BOTTOM:7.5pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 P.ad33 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 LI.ad33 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 DIV.ad33 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 P.ad34 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-BOTTOM:7.5pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 LI.ad34 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-BOTTOM:7.5pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 DIV.ad34 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-BOTTOM:7.5pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 P.ad35 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 LI.ad35 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 DIV.ad35 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 P.ad36 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-BOTTOM:7.5pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 LI.ad36 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-BOTTOM:7.5pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 DIV.ad36 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-BOTTOM:7.5pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 P.ad37 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 LI.ad37 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 DIV.ad37 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 P.ad38 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-BOTTOM:7.5pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 LI.ad38 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-BOTTOM:7.5pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 DIV.ad38 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-BOTTOM:7.5pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 P.ad39 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 LI.ad39 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 DIV.ad39 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 P.ad40 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-BOTTOM:7.5pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 LI.ad40 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-BOTTOM:7.5pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 DIV.ad40 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-BOTTOM:7.5pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 P.ad41 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 LI.ad41 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 DIV.ad41 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 P.ad42 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-BOTTOM:7.5pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 LI.ad42 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-BOTTOM:7.5pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 DIV.ad42 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-BOTTOM:7.5pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 P.ad43 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 LI.ad43 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 DIV.ad43 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 P.ad44 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-BOTTOM:7.5pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 LI.ad44 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-BOTTOM:7.5pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 DIV.ad44 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-BOTTOM:7.5pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 P.ad45 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 LI.ad45 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 DIV.ad45 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 P.ad46 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-BOTTOM:7.5pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 LI.ad46 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-BOTTOM:7.5pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 DIV.ad46 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-BOTTOM:7.5pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 P.ad47 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 LI.ad47 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 DIV.ad47 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 P.ad48 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-BOTTOM:7.5pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 LI.ad48 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-BOTTOM:7.5pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 DIV.ad48 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-BOTTOM:7.5pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 P.ad49 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 LI.ad49 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 DIV.ad49 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 P.ad50 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-BOTTOM:7.5pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 LI.ad50 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-BOTTOM:7.5pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 DIV.ad50 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-BOTTOM:7.5pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 P.ad51 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 LI.ad51 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 DIV.ad51 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 P.ad52 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-BOTTOM:7.5pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 LI.ad52 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-BOTTOM:7.5pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 DIV.ad52 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-BOTTOM:7.5pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 P.ad53 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 LI.ad53 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 DIV.ad53 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 P.ad54 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 LI.ad54 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 DIV.ad54 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 P.ad55 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-BOTTOM:7.5pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 LI.ad55 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-BOTTOM:7.5pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 DIV.ad55 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-BOTTOM:7.5pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 P.ad56 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 LI.ad56 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 DIV.ad56 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 P.ad57 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 LI.ad57 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 DIV.ad57 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 P.ad58 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-BOTTOM:7.5pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 LI.ad58 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-BOTTOM:7.5pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 DIV.ad58 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-BOTTOM:7.5pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 P.ad59 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 LI.ad59 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 DIV.ad59 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 P.ad60 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 LI.ad60 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 DIV.ad60 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 P.ad61 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-BOTTOM:7.5pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 LI.ad61 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-BOTTOM:7.5pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 DIV.ad61 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-BOTTOM:7.5pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 P.ad62 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 LI.ad62 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 DIV.ad62 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 P.ad63 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 LI.ad63 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 DIV.ad63 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 P.ad64 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-BOTTOM:7.5pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 LI.ad64 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-BOTTOM:7.5pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 DIV.ad64 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-BOTTOM:7.5pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 P.ad65 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 LI.ad65 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 DIV.ad65 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 P.ad66 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 LI.ad66 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 DIV.ad66 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 P.ad67 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-BOTTOM:7.5pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 LI.ad67 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-BOTTOM:7.5pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 DIV.ad67 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-BOTTOM:7.5pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 P.ad68 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 LI.ad68 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 DIV.ad68 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 P.ad69 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 LI.ad69 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 DIV.ad69 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 P.ad70 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-BOTTOM:7.5pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 LI.ad70 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-BOTTOM:7.5pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 DIV.ad70 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-BOTTOM:7.5pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 P.ad71 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 LI.ad71 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 DIV.ad71 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 P.ad72 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 LI.ad72 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 DIV.ad72 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 P.ad73 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-BOTTOM:7.5pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 LI.ad73 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-BOTTOM:7.5pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 DIV.ad73 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-BOTTOM:7.5pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 P.ad74 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 LI.ad74 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 DIV.ad74 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 P.ad75 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 LI.ad75 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 DIV.ad75 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 P.ad76 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-BOTTOM:7.5pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 LI.ad76 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-BOTTOM:7.5pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 DIV.ad76 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-BOTTOM:7.5pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 P.ad77 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 LI.ad77 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 DIV.ad77 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 P.ad78 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 LI.ad78 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 DIV.ad78 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 P.ad79 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-BOTTOM:7.5pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 LI.ad79 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-BOTTOM:7.5pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 DIV.ad79 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-BOTTOM:7.5pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 P.ad80 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 LI.ad80 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 DIV.ad80 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 P.ad81 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 LI.ad81 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 DIV.ad81 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 P.ad82 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-BOTTOM:7.5pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 LI.ad82 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-BOTTOM:7.5pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 DIV.ad82 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-BOTTOM:7.5pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 P.ad83 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 LI.ad83 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 DIV.ad83 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 P.ad84 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 LI.ad84 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 DIV.ad84 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 P.ad85 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-BOTTOM:7.5pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 LI.ad85 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-BOTTOM:7.5pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 DIV.ad85 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-BOTTOM:7.5pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 P.ad86 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 LI.ad86 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 DIV.ad86 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 P.ad87 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 LI.ad87 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 DIV.ad87 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 P.ad88 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-BOTTOM:7.5pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 LI.ad88 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-BOTTOM:7.5pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 DIV.ad88 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-BOTTOM:7.5pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 P.ad89 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 LI.ad89 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 DIV.ad89 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 P.ad90 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 LI.ad90 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 DIV.ad90 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 P.ad91 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-BOTTOM:7.5pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 LI.ad91 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-BOTTOM:7.5pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 DIV.ad91 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-BOTTOM:7.5pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 P.ad92 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 LI.ad92 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 DIV.ad92 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 P.ad93 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 LI.ad93 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 DIV.ad93 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 P.ad94 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-BOTTOM:7.5pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 LI.ad94 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-BOTTOM:7.5pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 DIV.ad94 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-BOTTOM:7.5pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 P.ad95 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 LI.ad95 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 DIV.ad95 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 P.ad96 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 LI.ad96 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 DIV.ad96 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 P.ad97 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-BOTTOM:7.5pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 LI.ad97 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-BOTTOM:7.5pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 DIV.ad97 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-BOTTOM:7.5pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 P.ad98 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 LI.ad98 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 DIV.ad98 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 P.ad99 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 LI.ad99 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 DIV.ad99 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 P.ad100 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-BOTTOM:7.5pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 LI.ad100 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-BOTTOM:7.5pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 DIV.ad100 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-BOTTOM:7.5pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 P.ad101 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 LI.ad101 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 DIV.ad101 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 P.ad102 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 LI.ad102 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 DIV.ad102 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 P.ad103 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-BOTTOM:7.5pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 LI.ad103 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-BOTTOM:7.5pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 DIV.ad103 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-BOTTOM:7.5pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 P.ad104 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 LI.ad104 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 DIV.ad104 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 P.ad105 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 LI.ad105 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 DIV.ad105 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 P.ad106 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-BOTTOM:7.5pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 LI.ad106 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-BOTTOM:7.5pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 DIV.ad106 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-BOTTOM:7.5pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 P.ad107 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 LI.ad107 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 DIV.ad107 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 P.ad108 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 LI.ad108 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 DIV.ad108 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 P.ad109 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-BOTTOM:7.5pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 LI.ad109 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-BOTTOM:7.5pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 DIV.ad109 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-BOTTOM:7.5pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 P.ad110 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 LI.ad110 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 DIV.ad110 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 P.ad111 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 LI.ad111 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 DIV.ad111 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 P.ad112 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-BOTTOM:7.5pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 LI.ad112 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-BOTTOM:7.5pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 DIV.ad112 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-BOTTOM:7.5pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 P.ad113 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 LI.ad113 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 DIV.ad113 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 P.ad114 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 LI.ad114 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 DIV.ad114 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 P.ad115 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-BOTTOM:7.5pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 LI.ad115 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-BOTTOM:7.5pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 DIV.ad115 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-BOTTOM:7.5pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 P.ad116 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 LI.ad116 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 DIV.ad116 {
FONT-SIZE:12pt;MARGIN-LEFT:0in;MARGIN-RIGHT:0in;FONT-FAMILY:"Times New Roman";}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 SPAN.yshortcuts1 {
FONT-WEIGHT:bold;FONT-FAMILY:Verdana;}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 SPAN.yshortcuts2 {
FONT-WEIGHT:bold;FONT-FAMILY:Verdana;}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 SPAN.yshortcuts3 {
FONT-WEIGHT:bold;FONT-FAMILY:Verdana;}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 SPAN.yshortcuts4 {
FONT-WEIGHT:bold;FONT-FAMILY:Verdana;}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 SPAN.yshortcuts5 {
FONT-WEIGHT:bold;FONT-FAMILY:Verdana;}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 SPAN.yshortcuts6 {
FONT-WEIGHT:bold;FONT-FAMILY:Verdana;}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 SPAN.yshortcuts7 {
FONT-WEIGHT:bold;FONT-FAMILY:Verdana;}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 SPAN.yshortcuts8 {
FONT-WEIGHT:bold;FONT-FAMILY:Verdana;}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 SPAN.yshortcuts9 {
FONT-WEIGHT:bold;FONT-FAMILY:Verdana;}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 SPAN.yshortcuts10 {
FONT-WEIGHT:bold;FONT-FAMILY:Verdana;}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 SPAN.yshortcuts11 {
FONT-WEIGHT:normal;COLOR:#1e66ae;FONT-FAMILY:Verdana;}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 SPAN.yshortcuts12 {
FONT-WEIGHT:bold;FONT-FAMILY:Verdana;}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 SPAN.yshortcuts13 {
FONT-WEIGHT:normal;COLOR:#1e66ae;FONT-FAMILY:Verdana;}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 SPAN.yshortcuts14 {
FONT-WEIGHT:bold;FONT-FAMILY:Verdana;}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 SPAN.yshortcuts15 {
FONT-WEIGHT:normal;COLOR:#1e66ae;FONT-FAMILY:Verdana;}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 SPAN.yshortcuts16 {
FONT-WEIGHT:bold;FONT-FAMILY:Verdana;}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 SPAN.yshortcuts17 {
FONT-WEIGHT:normal;COLOR:#1e66ae;FONT-FAMILY:Verdana;}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 SPAN.yshortcuts18 {
FONT-WEIGHT:bold;FONT-FAMILY:Verdana;}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 SPAN.yshortcuts19 {
FONT-WEIGHT:normal;COLOR:#1e66ae;FONT-FAMILY:Verdana;}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 SPAN.EmailStyle157 {
COLOR:navy;FONT-FAMILY:Arial;}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 SPAN.EmailStyle158 {
COLOR:navy;FONT-FAMILY:Arial;}
#yiv1562713473 #yiv678928899 DIV.Section1 {
}
kash mera karachi bi aisa hota.
..
_._,___
Messages in this topic (1)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
6. 6760 Ghost Schools in Sindh
Posted by: "S Turkman" turkman@sbcglobal.net torkmaan
Date: Tue Apr 28, 2009 9:04 am ((PDT))
Global Blog:
Blog: Teeth Maestro
Blogger: Teeth Maestro
April 26, 2009 15:56 ET
The Arithmetics of 6760 documented Ghost Schools in Sindh
Mr. Naeem Sadiq a very active member of the Peoples Resistance had only recently stumbled across a very extensive study carried out by the Sindh Education and Literacy Department under the School Rehabilitation Program 2008-2009 with the backing of a number of international donor agencies. To produce a report for the thousands of ghost schools and shelter-less schools scattered all across the province of Sindh.
The ghost schools phenomenon is probably the biggest crime to the future generations of Pakistan, millions get sanctioned on an yearly basis for the construction and the maintenance of these educational centers and in reality they never exist and are merely paper based ghost schools with a fully employed staff and a regular budget extracting millions from the provincial budget whilst our children continue to remain uneducated.
The PDF document initially provided to Mr. Naeem Sadiq {List of Closed Schools 2008-2009 (Sindh, Pakistan) (9)} listed approximately 6479 ghost schools but more recently the Reform Support Unit updated its website to list around 6760 Closed Schools while a whopping 7490 Shelter less Schools. if one were to even extrapolate the financial corruption leading from these ~7000 ghost schools its bound to reach astronomical proportions Read Mr. Naeem Sadiq's oped in todays Dawn titled Ghost Schools Arithmetic
By Naeem Sadiq
Dawn, Sunday, 26 Apr, 2009
There is finally some good news regarding the issue of ghost schools in Sindh. On April 5, 2009 the miscreants who had occupied the Shaheed Zulfikar Ali Bhutto School at Goth Qaim Kharrul of the Dadu district decided to move out.
After remaining closed for 27 long years, the school opened its gates to the children of the area. What happened to the two or three generations of children who were deprived of education may be explained by the many gun-toting 14-year-olds freely roaming around in the town.
Kudos to Sindh's education ministry. One was expecting a special newspaper supplement (paid for by taxpayers' money) with large photographs of Shaheed Benazir Bhutto and smaller photographs of the education minister announcing this titanic favour to the people of Goth Qaim Kharrul. After all, with the 'de-ghosting' of one school, we have only 6,479 more ghost schools to worry about. Simple arithmetic tells us that if we continue at this rate it will take us exactly 6,479 more years to eliminate all of them. While we seem to be moving in the right direction, it is vital that we assess the dynamics of this phenomenon which may help expedite the process.
Ghost schools fall under numerous categories. Some were constructed not for the sake of children but as money-making endeavours for those involved in unscrupulous activities. Then there are schools located in far-flung or unattractive locations. Children may be willing to go to these but teachers want to avoid them. Also local influential people often find various ways of making use of these vacant buildings. This utilisation ranges from turning them into cattle pens, camps for flood-affected people, fodder storage centres and autaqs (guest houses).
If one goes by government records, most of these schools appear to be functioning whereas in reality the schools are closed and used for other activities. The teachers employed for these schools stay at home or pursue other gainful professions. The entire process is facilitated by bribing the concerned superiors to ensure 'round-the-year uninterrupted payment of salaries (UPS)'.
Readers who peruse news articles know that over the past many years, education ministers have given different figures for the number of ghost schools in the province. This number varies from 5,000 to 7,700. Despite the argument that it is not a good idea to take foreign funding for merely counting our schools, the World Bank-supported Sindh Reform Support Unit has finally come out with an exact figure of 6,480 ghost schools in the province. Accountabilty Watch
Assuming that this is the accurate and final figure, the education ministry needs to come out with the list of teachers who received salaries and the details of disbursement of funds to these schools over the years. Clearly both the education department and the local politicos are to be blamed for this despicable combination of incompetence and corruption. The people of Pakistan have a right to know where and why their money is being pilfered and misused. Can the guilty be called any different from those who bomb girls' schools in Swat?
Action can be taken to put an immediate end to this 'ghostly' phenomenon. The government should stop giving funds to ghost schools even if the recipients are their supporters. It should hold all concerned officials of the education department accountable for being a party to this. If this is not done, the disease will promptly reappear and the schools will be reoccupied.
Student truancy-monitoring systems are in place in schools in many western countries. These can track and report the absence of a student not only for the day but even one period. The least we can do is to be able to track the presence of teachers and students. Why can't the province of Sindh place all facts and information relating to all its schools on a website? This could include the names of schools and teachers, addresses, number of students, number of classrooms, yearly expenses, academic performance assessments and other relevant information.
Community-based school monitoring and reporting systems could be instituted. Any citizen should be able to file a complaint about the absence of teachers or if any other irregularity is found. The education department's budget for placing political advertisements should instead be spent on informing citizens on how they can monitor their local schools and make a complaint through an email, phone call, fax or letter.
Key performance indicators need to be created and reported by each school every month. The current method of school inspection and monitoring has collapsed and needs to be completely revamped. A public debate should be initiated and a consensus should be reached on how to address the issue and prevent functional schools from becoming ghost schools in the future. Can we ever compensate those thousands of children whose future has been destroyed because we siphoned millions from the state exchequer — funds and resources that were intended to keep schools functional for them? The guilty must be held accountable.
Related posts:
Geo News Blocked in Sindh
Victims of Feudalism on Hungerstrike - 18-days [and counting]
Media barred from NWFP senate elections
Zardari, the mysteriously educated
Sassui Palijo after Sindh's archaeological sites?
Goto site >
Global Bloggers are not employed or directed by GlobalPost and the views expressed are the blogger's own. Submissions are neither edited nor reviewed before they appear on GlobalPost. If you have any comments about a blogger, please send an e-mail to: blogcoordinator AT globalpost.com. To comment on this post, please go to the blogger's site by clicking on the link above.
Messages in this topic (1)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
7. Maulana Wahiduddin Khan: Muslims and the Muslim Press
Posted by: "yogi sikand" ysikand@yahoo.com ysikand
Date: Tue Apr 28, 2009 9:04 am ((PDT))
MUSLIMS AND THE MUSLIM PRESS
By Maulana Wahiduddin Khan
The power of the press can be gauged by the use of the term 'The Fourth Estate'. Although its origins go far back in time it did not acquire the definite and effective form of an organized means of mass course in journalism being given at the University of Missouri, Columbia, from 1879 to 1884. Throughout the 20th century it has gradually gone from strength to strength. By the end of the 19th century, the Muslims as a community had entered the field of journalism in earnest. Probably the first notable Muslim paper was Al-Urwatul Usqa (1883), brought out by Sayyed Jamaluddin and Mufti Mohd. Abduhu. Anti-British in sentiment, its objective was to unite Muslims all over the world as a means of putting an end to British colonialism. Since that time tens of thousands of magazines and periodicals have been brought out in a variety of Muslim languages. I myself have been reading Muslim periodicals in the original in three languages –
Arabic, English and Urdu – and to some extent have read periodicals in other languages in translation. In this paper, I propose to make an evaluation of the Muslim press in the light of the considerable information which I have at my disposal. But first of all, a set of criteria shall have to be adopted by which we may judge the two basic aspects of journalism, namely presentation and content. I would suggest that our yardstick for presentation should be the western press, and our criterion for content should be the Quran.
Setting up the western press on its presentation is perfectly justifiable, since no other press in the world can match its level of excellence. Judged by the standard, the Muslim press is so far behind in every respect that assigning a place to it in the hierarchy of standards is simply not possible. In terms of circulation, the western press, with its direct access to global news, has already achieved an international status, whereas the Muslim press, with its dependence on indirect sources of information, suffers from such limitations as to make it barely of regional interest. Today the whole world looks to the western press for international news, while the Muslim press is not, so far, an accepted source even of Muslim news. This difference of standard between the two is underscored by the fact that, to date, all over the world, news of Muslim importance is sought after in the western press, not only by non-Muslims but also by
Muslims themselves. A recent instance of this reliance on the western media was demonstrated during the period leading up to the signing of the agreement between Israel and the PLO on the subject of mutual recognition – surely one of the most important events of the Muslim world. Right from the beginning of the negotiations till the actual signing of the agreement in Washington on September 13, the western media, and not the Muslim press, remained the principal source of all information on this topic for both Muslims and non-Muslims.
One very important asset of the western press is the high intellectual caliber of its staff, which is the main reason for the excellence of its academic and journalistic standards. Muslim Journalism, on the contrary, has suffered from the general lack of awareness among Muslims which in turn has discouraged men of superior intellect from engaging themselves in the field. In its failure to measure up to the high standards of the present day, the Muslim press has had little or no impact upon public opinion. It would be quite correct to say that it exists in name only.
Now let us examine the content of Muslim journalism from the standpoint of the Quranic standards. It may seem but this is not really so, for the writing of the Quran took place – without ascription – in the manner of modern journalism. That is, the contents of the Quran were not revealed all together in the form of a book, but came in instalments, or as men of religion would say, in separate revelations-over a period of twenty three years. So, the Quran was like a periodical which was started in 610 AD, reaching its completion only in 632 AD. As well as providing the archetypal form for modern journalism, the Quran had the selfsame objectives as those of our modern press, namely, to guide people at critical moments, to help solve their problems and the set the course for their thinking and action. Now let us see what method was adopted in the Quran over this period of twenty three years.
The revelation of the Quran started in ancient Mecca. At that time, a number of pressing issues presented themselves not only in Mecca but throughout Arabia. For instance, the holy Kabah housed 360 idols. The Roman and the Iranian empires had made political inroads into Arabia. There were many evils, and crime was widespread among the tribes. Yet the first commandment revealed in the Quran made no reference to any of these problems. On the contrary, the first commandment of the Quran was, Iqra (read). Given Arabia's condition at that time, it might have been expected that the first verse of the Quran would be either a protest, or a command to wage war. But it was not. Instead, the Quran gave the very positive injunction to read! In other words, to think positively in the face of adversity. Let others follow the path of destruction: one's own course should be that of construction. It was strong in its advocacy of the power of peace
as opposed to that of violence. It guided the oppressed to shun the path of violence in favour of adherence to the principle of non-violent activism.
This means that the first part of the Quran counsels against head-on confrontations in the attempt to deal with life's problems. It advises one to get at the root of the cause of the trouble. The most obvious root cause of many problems is the lack of perception and judgment which stems from poor education or no education at all. With the spread of education, this ignorance, which underlies so much of the evil in the world today, could be banished. This in turn would facilitate the solution of many different kinds of problems.
A similar revelation was made on the occasion of the Hudaybiyya controversy, when Meccan leaders refused to let Muslims enter Mecca for the performance of Umrah (a minor pilgrimage, which can be performed at any time of the year). This revelation in no way incited the Muslims at that point in time to wage war against the enemy. Instead, it enjoined the Muslim to adopt the path of avoidance in order to counter the display of arrogance and prejudice on the part of the Meccans, and to go back after entering into a peace treaty with them. Thus, on such a delicate and sensitive occasion, Muslims were advised that the power of peace was greater than the power of war. They were advised, therefore, to forsake the path of war and taste the fruits of peace.
Judged by Quranic standards, Muslim journalism falls far below that of the others. While the Quranic periodical was run on positive lines, the entire Muslim press of the present day is plunged in negativism. Where the Quran stressed the importance of action and the avoidance of reaction, present-day Muslim journalism as a whole is oriented towards and motivated by reaction. During the last day of the Muslims in Mecca (shortly before the emigration) when they had been cruelly persecuted by the Meccan non-Muslims, this verse of the Quran was revealed; 'Every hardship is followed by ease' (94:6-7). That is to say, that for this world God has decreed this facility, or ease, which should exist side by side with difficulty and hardship. You should, therefore, ignore difficulty, seek opportunities and avail of them. But today Muslim journalism has devoted itself entirely to the ferreting out of difficulties, mainly plots and conspiracies
of others against them.
If we were to place the revelations of the Quran on a parallel with investigative, informative, and advisory functions of the modern press, the most appropriate, although anachronistic term for them would be constructive journalism. Where the parallel ends is in the failure of modern Muslim journalism – unlike the Quran – to be constructive. I would say that, on the contrary, it is run on the very opposite principle.
Hundreds and thousands of newspapers and periodicals are brought out by Muslims but, although they all appear under different titles, they might well be lumped together under the single title of 'protest'. If we substituted 'Protest Daily', 'Protest Weekly', 'Protest Monthly', for their original titles, this would in no way be inappropriate to their contents. In the light of Quranic wisdom, the true role of nothing, but negative reaction with constant repetition, builds up a paranoid mentality. It encourages peevishness and irritability, which are hardly the mental states we need for a positive, practical struggle. Of course, we need our press to have a powerful reach, but it must cultivate the kind of constructive thinking which will lead to a re-generation of the Muslim community. Regeneration can come about only through self-construction. It can never result from the mere lodging of protests against others.
Now, the question arises as to how the Muslim press developed into a medium of protest. In the 19th century, when the power of the press was building up, that was the very time that the Muslims were divested of political power. It was this concatenation of events which produced the mindset due to which the entire Muslim press has taken the shape of an organ of protest in modern times. These is the reality, but Muslim leaders, then and now, have projected the loss of power as a matter of usurpation, brought to fruition by plots and conspiracies. It is surely a law of nature that those who make progress are entitled to a position of dominance. The reverse is also necessarily true. So why should the Muslims consider themselves an exception to that rule? If they remained backward, they deserved to fall from power. Muslim leaders, however, unwilling or unable to face the facts, traced the decline of their community to the machinations of
the west. It was this rigidity of thinking which turned past and present Muslim journalism into a platform of protest. Almost in such ideas, became engaged in vociferous outbursts against all Christian, Jewish and European Powers, the real task to be performed, according to them, was the continual registering of complaints.
Had the Muslim leaders been of a different mentality, they might have made a more profound study of the situation; Muslims was, in fact, due to their own inability to progress with the times. This would have resulted in their urging the press to devote itself to Muslim reconstruction. Journalists would then have worked towards bringing about an awareness among Muslims for the need for modern education. Only in that way would their feet have been set on the path of progress. Only then would they have realized that it was the time for self-preparation rather than the time for jihad. That would have been the correct approach. Had Muslim leaders and journalists subscribed to this way of thinking, they would have impressed upon their public how imperative it was for them to remain patient in the face of western dominance, and to devote all their time and energy to the field of construction. Modern circumstances demanded patience, but
Muslims could think of nothing but protest.
Today, Muslims – Indian Muslims in particular – place continuing emphasis on having their own press in English. Its aim, according to them, is the proper presentation of their case before other nations. It is probably due to this mentality that we see the unique phenomenon, unparalleled in any other community, of a number of papers being brought out with purely communal titles, such as, The Voice of Ummah, Muslim Outlook, The Call of the Ummah etc. The reason for such papers to have purely communal titles is traceable to the image the Muslims cherish of themselves as being faultless and above reproach. In their periodicals, they have felt the shortcomings – consciously or unconsciously – that it was not a true picture of them, and as a matter of self-vindication, they wanted to publish papers which would correct what they felt were erroneous impressions by projecting Muslims as absolutely perfect, but ill-treated human beings.
It is significant that papers of this sort published in English over the last fifty years have either failed or ceased publication, or, if they are still in existence, takes the form of highly abridged Muslim bulletins rather than full-fledged Muslim newspapers.
The reason for this failure is quite simple. Where the totality of issues is expected, the Muslim press gives only half the picture. For instance, take the case of Bhagalpur riots in October, 1989. Bombs were initially set off by Muslims. It was only after this that Hindus set fire to Muslim properties. The non-Muslim press described the acts of both the communities, including the fact that the Hindu destruction of Muslim property had been on a much larger scale than the damage caused by the Muslim bombs, yet, plying in the face of the facts, the Muslims wanted no mention of bomb-throwing. They wanted only the burning of their property by the Hindus to be highlighted. Similarly, when the Babari Masjid was demolished on December 6, 1992, the Muslim of Bombay wanted no mention of their subsequent rioting and destruction, which sparked off Hindu acts of revenge, again on a much larger scale. They wanted facts damaging to themselves to be
suppressed, so that they might appear to be the innocent, injured party.
This attitude extends to every important sphere of the Muslim existence. For example, the number of Muslims in government service is very small, mostly because very few Muslims attain the necessary level of education. When this subject is covered by the non- Muslim press, the paucity of Muslims in government office is underlined, but, at the same time, the reason for this –namely, their lack of education – is also stressed. The Muslim, on the contrary, wants everyone to know that they are under-represented in government service, but they want all mention of their backwardness to be omitted. Again, during the Afghanistan war, the non-Muslim press gave equal credit to the valour of the Afghani Mujahiddin and the assistance given the Americans. The Muslim press, on the contrary, kept the Americans out of the picture – although the help they gave was quite extraordinary – and gave full credit to the Afghani Mujahiddin. They act in
this way because they want to prove that Muslims are entirely virtuous and innocent of all wrongdoings. And that if they appear to have shortcomings, it is because of the harsh treatment meted out them by others.
It is on the basis of this kind of one-sided and partial news reporting that Muslims want to create their own press. What they do not realize is that the world for which they want to create such a press has neither any need of it nor any interest in it. Such papers, issued by Muslims are destined to be read by Muslims alone. In this world of cause and effect, such efforts cannot have any other result.
Another issue, which, despite massive coverage, the Muslim press has failed to influence, is that of Zionism vis a vis the Arab world. Over the last fifty years, Muslim journalists have devoted all their energies to writing against Zionism and the existence of Israel as a sovereign state, but to no avail. As a journalistic campaign, this was a complete failure. The Egyptian President Anwar Sadat recognized Israel in the Camp David agreement in 1979, and although the PLO (the Palestine Liberation Organisation) continued to reject Israel, it finally surrendered after a period of 14 years, giving its formal recognition to Israel at a function held in Washington on September 13, 1993. This event, the culmination of so many years of struggle for the very opposite outcome, is to the discredit of all sections of the Muslim press. It could neither avert the tragedy of Israel' being set up as a sovereign state, nor could it lessen the pain of
its consequences for the Arab world. The PLO's recognition of Israel ought to be an eye-opener for Muslim journalists everywhere. Now it is high time the basic weaknesses and shortcomings of the Muslim press were acknowledged so that it may be reshaped anew.
To me, the Muslim press has been suffering from what I can only call as unjustified self-righteousness on the part of the Muslim intellectuals. It is this innate weakness which has prevented them from seeing their own shortcomings. All they can see is the plots of others behind every problem their community faces. Consequently, instead of engaging themselves in constructive activities, they spend their time inciting members of their community to protest against others.
Journalism of this kind will only lull the community to sleep by providing it with doses of opium: it cannot become the means of its regeneration. This is the modern reality of the Muslim press. It must also be conceded that neither at the present nor in the near future can Muslims bring their journalism up to the standard of the day. One basic reason is that modern journalism is fed by industry, and that is a field in which Muslims have yet to find a noteworthy place. For this reason, it is my firm opinion that, at the moment, Muslims are in no position to achieve an international status for their press. That being so, what are we to do? I think in this matter our first step should be to heed the wisdom of the old saying: Begin at the beginning. If we can adopt this realistic approach, we shall soon discover that, despite all deterrent factors, we are in a position to make an effective start by substantially improving the quality of
Muslim journalism. By first setting aside the impossible, we must explore actual opportunities and from that point make our beginning, for the right beginning guarantees the right end.
1. One vital step is to provide good training to Muslim youths, and help them to enter various newspapers and news agencies. Over the last few years, a certain number of young Muslims have entered these fields. But this has only happened sporadically, as the result of their personal motivation. There is no such general awareness of journalistic imperatives and opportunities in the Muslim community.
2. Another important point is that, any community paper which is brought out should be of a very high standard. Moreover, Muslim periodicals should be published in the mother tongue of their readers, so that language may not prove an obstacle in bringing about an awareness of the times and a sense of commitment at the community level. They should also stop encouraging their readers to achieve their objectives by the continual lodging of protests and instead point the way to modern opportunities, with exhortations to make the best possible use of them.
3. It is essential to cultivate journalistic consciousness among the educated class of Muslims. This paper constitutes an important step towards that. Efforts of this nature must continue and expand in their scope.
4. Muslim journalism's greatest shortcoming is that, it presents no model of excellence to the young people of our community. Today, Muslim journalism is almost entirely filled with amateur journalists who resort to yellow journalism. The reason for its being of this hue is that, in the absence of any support from industry, it must resort to unscrupulous sensationalism in order to survive. There is really no alternative. That is the price that journalism pays for the Muslims industrial backwardness. Exemplary journalism can only be brought into existence by making sacrifices. If a team of educated Muslims could muster enough courage to bring out a model paper, irrespective of recurring losses, and continue to maintain its high standard, this would indeed be a welcome breakthrough as well as a great feat. In the present circumstances, there is no other way to bring out a paper of quality.
5. To ensure that Muslims make an effective entry into the field of journalism, one positive and result-yielding step would be to open a Muslim school of journalism, which should conform to the highest standards of the present day. One very necessary feature would be to have arrangements for journalistic training in all of the Muslim languages. If once such a school were to be established, journalistic progress could be achieved by leaps and bounds, because it would attract the very best of our young aspiring writers. With proper direction, effort, orientation, it could soon assume the position of an international institute.
Maulana Wahiduddin Khan is a leading Indian Muslim scholar based in Ndew Delhi. He is a prolific writer. For more details, see www.alrisala.org
Messages in this topic (1)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
8. Taliban conducted Lower Dir toy bombing
Posted by: "S Turkman" turkman@sbcglobal.net torkmaan
Date: Tue Apr 28, 2009 9:04 am ((PDT))
ISLAMABAD: Interior Advisor Rahman Malik, while fixing the responsibility of Lower Dir children's killing in toy bombing, said that the government was being forced to take stern action.
Interior Advisor told Geo News that Taliban conducted the Lower Dir bombing and they, taking the innocent children's lives, have unveiled their real face. Rahman Malik said that the people could not tolerate elements perpetrating such dastardly acts; while by these incidents, the government was being forced to take stern action. He said that Taliban taking the lives of the children through child suicide bombers.
Interior Advisor said that provincial officials have been ordered to investigate into Lower Dir incident on the directives of the President and prime minister especially, from the angle of finding out whether the children of the victim family were killed on their refusal to turn into suicide bomber.
.
Courtesy www.Geo.tv
-------------------------
Lower Dir children's toy bomb death toll rises to 13
DIR: Lower Dir children's toy bomb death toll rose to 13.
Sources said the school children on way home found a toy bomb, which they took home and started playing with it, meanwhile, the toy bomb exploded with a bang, killing 11 children on the spot, while another two succumbed to their injuries in the hospital, taking the total death toll to 13.
.
Courtesy www.Geo.tv
Messages in this topic (1)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
9. CUBA-US & THE OAS
Posted by: "niurka" niurka@eth.net dallamydm
Date: Tue Apr 28, 2009 9:05 am ((PDT))
The Cuban Five will return!!!
Embajada
de la República de Cuba
New Delhi, April 28th, 2009
PARTIDO COMUNISTA DE PAQUISTAN
Esteemed COMUNISTA DE PAQUISTAN,
The Embassy of the Republic of Cuba has the pleasure to enclose herewith the
latest REFLECTIONS by Comrade Fidel Castro Ruz.
In these reflections, Fidel comments about the position assumed by the US
President regarding Cuba during the recently finished Americas Summit.
Fidel also refers to the OAS´ attitude towards the island and clarifies that
our country does not wish to go back to that organization. At the same time
Fidel reminds Cuba-US relations during Kennedy's turn and comments about
past and current attitude of some of his relatives in respect to Cuba.
TRAPPED BY HISTORY <>
PONTIUS PILATE WASHED HIS HANDS <>
AN IMPRESSIVE GESTURE <>
Due to the importance of the information contained in these documents we
recommend you to read them.
The Embassy of Cuba invites you to send us your comments on them and, in
case you are not interested in receiving information about Cuba, feel free
to tell us and we will stop sending these documents to you at once.
Regards,
Mrs. Dallamy Díaz Muñoz
Second Secretary
Press and Culture Office
Cuban Embassy
New Delhi, India
Telephone No. 29242467/ 468/ 470
Mobile 98 99 492 529
Fax No. 011-29232469
Embassy´s e-mail: embcuind@del6.vsnl.net.in
Embassy´s Web site: embacuba.cubaminrex.cu/indiaing
<http://embacuba.cubaminrembacuba.cubaminrex.cu/indiaing>
W-124 A, Greaer Kailash I,
New Delhi 110 048
Reflections by comrade Fidel
TRAPPED BY HISTORY
Daniels appearance on the National Television Round Table program went as I
hoped. He spoke eloquently and he was persuasive, calm and irrefutable.
He gave no offence nor did he wish to offend any other Latin American
country; he held firmly to the truth in every moment of his appearance:
Venezuela, Bolivia and Nicaragua, as ALBA spokesmen, rejected the idea that
the Final Declaration was submitted as a matter of consensual agreement, in
no uncertain terms.
Through Daniel we learned that Obama himself acknowledged that he hadnt
even read that document which snuck through as the Official Summit
Declaration. Telesur also broadcast the appearance live. It had wide
coverage.
Daniel pronounced categorical concepts. It was the censorship meeting.
Stop the blockade against Cuba!: this was a unanimous outcry, with
different nuances, but unanimous all the same. He stated that: There was
a very good speech by President Rafael Correa when he explained: Elections
do not mean democracy because a multiparty system is nothing other than a
way to disintegrate a nation. Daniel added that: Cuba has a model where
the people are not split up between green, red, yellow and orange. Its
simply the Cuban people, the citizens, without those campaigns where the
interests of big capital are at work. Its the Cuban people who elect their
authorities without the stridency of elections in the bourgeois democracies
imposed by the west.
Courtesy does not erase ideological and political differences; it doesnt
erase reality. I wish to emphasize this because I observed a lot of
star-struck attitudes among some of the heads of state and government just
because they were shaking President Obamas hand. Alluding to the Pied
Piper of Hamelin, he stated: With his little flute and all the rats behind
him, we are headed for the cliff. But Obama didnt have the effect he
wanted.
The United States hasnt changed, as Raúl reminded us in Cumaná. It was a
Republican administration that prepared the Bay of Pigs invasion and it was
a Democratic administration that carried it out.
We have a president of the United States who says we should forget about
the past, but he is trapped in the past! Of 50 years of blockading Cuba!
In 2004, when he was running for senator, he said that the blockade was
terrible and that it had to be called off. They asked him the question at
the press conference and now he replies that that was eons ago. He is
telling us that he lies; it is the answer of a person who lies.
He is declaring that the blockade of Cuba cannot be lifted. That Cuba
should be thankful for the concessions recently made. They want to sell
this as a change; it doesnt even come close to the measures Carter took 30
years ago; its more like going backwards. They would like us to forget
about history.
The OAS is dead. It is an unburied corpse.
African Unity has its own instrument. It isnt France, it isnt England;
the former colonialists of these countries are not there; its the peoples
of Africa that are there.
Likewise, here we must be, the peoples of Latin America and the Caribbean;
and from those positions, from that dialogue, from that unity, we can talk
to the North, talk to the United States and Canada, talk to the Europeans;
in other words, engage in a dialogue with the countries of the North and
defend our positions.
What is also clear about this Summit is that the United States has not
changed and Latin America and the Caribbean, we have indeed changed; we have
changed and we are changing grasping tightly onto the roots of our history.
He finally explains that the document was dead and the policy of the carrot
and the stick is still in effect because President Obama is trapped inside
the structure of an empire.
Fidel Castro Ruz
April 23, 2009
11:23 a.m.
PONTIUS PILATE WASHED HIS HANDS
Pressure against the U.S. blockade of Cuba was so great that on the day Raúl
categorically declared that our country would not join the OAS, the
secretary of the discredited institution began to prepare the terrain for
Cubas participation in an eventual future Summit of the Americas. His
recipe is to abolish the resolution which decided the expulsion of the
Island for ideological reasons. Such an argument is truly laughable when
important countries such as China and Vietnam, which the world today cannot
do without, are being lead by Communist parties that were created on the
same ideological foundations.
Historical events prove the hegemonic policies of the United States in our
region and the disgusting role of the OAS as the hideous instrument of the
powerful country.
Insulzas formula consists of wiping the criminal agreement off the map.
Raúl declared in Cumaná that Cuba would never rejoin the OAS. Using Martis
scathing phrase, he expressed that first the Southern sea would join the
Northern sea, and a serpent would be born from the eagles egg.
At that same occasion, in response to an alleged gesture by Obama which
offered a conversation with Cuba about democracy and human rights, he
replied that the government of Cuba was willing to discuss any subject on
the basis of the most absolute respect for the equality and sovereignty of
both countries. Our country knows full well the meaning and dignity of those
words.
Among Obamas public demands is the liberation of those imprisoned for their
treacherous services to the United States which, during almost half a
century, has been assaulting and blockading our Homeland.
Raúl stated that Cuba was willing to show clemency if the United States
would receive them and if it would free the five Cuban anti-terrorist
heroes.
However, both the government of the United States and the maggots nest
inside and outside of Cuba have reacted with all kinds of arrogance.
AP and other cable news agencies have suggested divisions in the heart of
our revolutionary leadership.
According to AP, a prominent human rights activist said that most of the
two hundred Cuban prisoners prefer serving long sentences on the Island
rather than being exchanged for five Communist agents being held in prisons
in the United States, as President Raúl Castro has suggested.
It is practically unanimous among the prisoners that they not be exchanged
for soldiers who were arrested red-handed spying in the United States, the
agency stated, citing the head of the ill-named Cuban Commission for Human
Rights and Conciliation. One would now have to see who they would classify
with this concept. Pope John Paul II made no difference between political
and ordinary prisoners when he visited Cuba, and he sought clemency for a
number of them. Actually, the majority of those classified as ordinary
prisoners in the United States are, generally speaking, the poorest and most
discriminated against people.
Nevertheless Obama AP later goes on to say could suffer serious
political consequences if he were to agree to the exchange of five Communist
agents who were condemned for spying in 2001. The leader of the group was
implicated in the deaths of four Cuban exiles when their planes were shot
down by Cuban fighter planes in 2001. Isnt that cable an indirect threat
to the president of the United States?
The alleged mercenary leader was a sectarian coming from the youth section
of the former Communist Party that later joined the new party created by the
Revolution. When we found ourselves in the necessity to disagree with the
USSR for its incorrect decision to negotiate an agreement for the October
[Missile] Crisis with the United States without first consulting our
country, the individual became an enemy of the Revolution. He served the
superpower during the entire Bush term in office. Now he is enjoying the
privilege of being instrumental in threatening Obama.
AP says not one word about the life sentences passed on the Five Heroes in
cooked trials, the lies concocted with the complicity of the authorities,
the cruel treatment they have received and many more details related to the
case. Those are the slanderous rumours being printed in much of the news
media throughout the world.
Whenever the state of health of any of the mercenaries warrants it, the
government of Cuba has never failed to show clemency, without the United
States having to demand it.
On the other hand, the government of Cuba never used torture, something that
is acknowledged by the world. The president of Cuba cannot order the
assassination of an adversary. Has the new U.S. president condemned that
horrible practice? If he does so, believe me that I shall not hesitate to
acknowledge the impression of sincerity he gave all of us at the beginning.
Tomorrow we shall be meeting again with Daniel. In less time than he had to
wait in the LACSA plane under the intense tropical heat in Port of Spain,
the Cuban plane will return him to his beloved homeland.
Fidel Castro Ruz
April 23, 2009
2:54 p.m.
AN IMPRESSIVE GESTURE
I confess that many times I have meditated on the dramatic story of John F.
Kennedy. It was my fate to live through the era when he was the greatest
and most dangerous adversary of the Revolution. It was something that
didnt play a part in his calculations. He saw himself as the
representative of a new generation of Americans who were confronting the
old-style, dirty politics of men of the sort of Nixon whom he had defeated
with a tremendous display of political talent.
He had behind him his history as a combatant in the Pacific and of his
adroit pen.
Because he was over-confident, he was dragged into the Bay of Pigs adventure
by his predecessors, since he had no doubts about the experience and
professional capacity of all those men. His failure was bitter and
unexpected, a scant three months after his inauguration. Even though he was
on the point of attacking the Island with his countrys powerful and
sophisticated weaponry, on that occasion he didnt do what Nixon would have
done: use the fighter-bombers and land the Marines. Rivers of blood would
have flowed in our Homeland where hundreds of thousands of combatants were
ready to die. He controlled himself and came up with a categorical phrase
that is hard to forget: Victory has a thousand fathers, but defeat is an
orphan.
His life continued to be dramatic, like a shadow that accompanied him at all
times. On the strength of wounded pride, he again succumbed to the idea of
invading us. This brought on the October [Missile] Crisis and the most
serious risks of thermonuclear warfare that the world has ever known until
the present day. He emerged from this test as an authority thanks to the
mistakes of his chief adversary. He seriously wanted to talk with Cuba and
thats what he decided to do. He sent Jean Daniel to talk with me and
return to Washington. His mission was being carried out at that moment when
the news of President Kennedys assassination arrived. His death and the
strange way in which it was orchestrated and carried out, was truly sad.
Later I met close family members who visited Cuba. I never mentioned the
unpleasant aspects of his policy against our country, nor did I refer at all
to the attempts to eliminate me. I met his son when he was an adult, who
had been a young child when his father had been the president of the United
States. We got together as friends. His own brother Robert was also
assassinated, multiplying the drama shadowing that family.
At the distance of so many years, information arrived about a gesture that
impressed me.
These days, while so much was being said about the lengthy and unfair
blockade of Cuba in the upper echelons of the continents countries, I read
a news item in Mexicos La Jornada: At the end of 1963, the then Attorney
General Robert F. Kennedy sought to overturn the ban on travel to Cuba and
today his daughter, Kathleen Kennedy Townsend, wrote that President Barack
Obama ought to take this into account and support legislative initiatives
that would allow all Americans to travel to the island.
In official documents declassified by the National Security Archive
research centre it is recorded that on December 12, 1963, less than one
month after the assassination of John F. Kennedy, Attorney General Robert F.
Kennedy sent a communication to Secretary of State Dean Rusk, urging the
removal of regulations prohibiting Americans from traveling to Cuba…
Robert Kennedy claimed that the prohibition violated American freedoms.
According to the document, he affirmed that the current restrictions on
travel are inconsistent with traditional American freedoms.
…That position was unsuccessful inside the Lyndon B. Johnson administration
and the State Department decided that to suspend the restrictions would be
perceived as a softening of the Cuban policy and that they were part of the
joint effort made by the United States and other American republics to
isolate Cuba.
In an editorial article by Kathleen Kennedy printed today in The
Washington Post, Roberts daughter expresses her wish that her fathers
position be adopted by the Barack Obama government, and that this should be
the position promoted by Attorney General Eric H. Holder Jr. while the Obama
government weighs the next step it will take with Cuba, one that should be
pushing for allowing more than just Cuban-Americans to travel freely to the
island and dealing with the rights of all Americans, most of whom are not
free to go.
Kathleen Kennedy writes that just as Obama found out at the summit meeting
last week-end, Latin American leaders have adopted a coordinated message on
Cuba: the time is here to normalize relations with Havana…By keeping on
trying to isolate Cuba, they essentially told Obama, Washington has only
succeeded in isolating itself.
Thus, the niece of the president who attempted to invade and overthrow the
Cuban Revolutionary government and impose the blockade, adds her voice now
to the ever-growing chorus in favor of reversing these policies which were
put in place half a century ago.
A worthy article by Kathleen Kennedy!
Fidel Castro Ruz
April 24, 2009
1:17 p.m.
Messages in this topic (1)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
10. Faltering US strategy by Masood Sharif Khan Khattak
Posted by: "Mansoor Hallaj" tarot66@yahoo.com tarot66
Date: Tue Apr 28, 2009 9:05 am ((PDT))
Faltering US strategy by Masood Sharif Khan Khattak
Mr Masood Sharif Khan Khattak, Former Director General of The Intelligence Bureau, Government of Pakistan
Faltering US strategy by Masood Sharif Khan Khattak, Dated Thursday, April 23, 2009
Part I
http://thenews.jang.com.pk/daily_detail.asp?id=173875
The American drone attacks and other ill-advised offensive policies have acted as force multipliers for the Pakistani Taliban. But it must be said that Pakistan cannot put all the blame on the Americans because Pakistan itself has allowed the situation to get out of hand. Pakistan could have avoided being in the situation that it finds itself in today had Musharraf not thought that Washington's support outweighed the support of the people of Pakistan.
The events of March 15-16, 2009, make clear that there is a new Pakistan that is progressive and fiercely independent. If this fact is not acknowledged by the US and the politicians of Pakistan the happenings of 1979 in Iran may well be repeated in Pakistan not long from now.
With a new administration in Washington Pakistanis hope for a new phase in US-Pakistan relations, which need to be built on an understanding by the US that Pakistan is a sovereign, dignified and self-respecting country that desires space to make its own decisions. Pakistan too will have to stand up on its own two feet and take upon its own shoulders the responsibilities of internal peace and the non-use of its territory for any aggressive act anywhere in the world.
There will be no point in any US secretary of state testifying before any US congressional committee in 2025 that they lost everything in southwest Asia because it was a mistake to have pushed Pakistan as much as the US actually did in the first decade of this century.
In 2000, Secretary of State Madeline K Albright had to say that "in 1953 the United States played a significant role in orchestrating the overthrow of Iran's popular prime minister, Mohammed Massadegh. The Eisenhower administration believed its actions were justified for strategic reasons; but the coup was clearly a setback for Iran's political development. And it is easy to see now why many Iranians continue to resent this intervention by America in their internal affairs."
That coup was meant to fully empower the Shah of Iran by removing Massadegh and replacing him with a puppet prime minister working under the Shah. The man chosen by the Americans and the British to replace Massadegh was General Fazlollah Zahedi. But forty seven years later the US Secretary of State owned it as a major error on the part of the Eisenhower Administration because it alienated the Iranian people from the Americans. Twenty six years after that coup the Iranian Revolution took place. Even thirty years after the 1979 revolution the USA has still not been able to befriend the people of Iran again despite Madeline Albright's admission that the US sponsored coup in Iran was a mistake.
What if Pakistan too goes the way Iran did in 1979--i.e., if the people of Pakistan, through a militant or political revolution, take control of the country? In 2025 or so, it will be fruitless for the US to regret its present obstinate persistence with the unjustifiable drone attacks in Pakistan, the exertion of the "do-more" pressure on successive Pakistani governments, hurling misplaced allegations on the Pakistani military establishment and the heavy manipulation of the Pakistani power politics. For the US the time to correct its faltering Pakistan strategy is now. If the US does not think so then there has to be something sinister to what we see happening within and around Pakistan?
The 1979 Iranian Revolution which ousted the US-favoured Shah of Iran and had him replaced by the anti-American supreme leader Ayatollah Khomeini was a total surprise to the CIA, the White House and the State Department. The US could not decipher the pre-1979 revolutionary undercurrents in Iran. The CIA could not identify the Iranian revolutionary movement from the point it started quietly, developed gradually and then took everything by storm. Just six months before the Iranian Revolution brought about the present day Iran the CIA told the US Government that Iran was neither in a revolutionary nor even in a pre-revoltionary situation. In 1979 the US went wrong in Iran and in 2009 they seem to be going wrong in Pakistan because much of what happened in undercurrents in Iran prior to the 1979 Revolution, but went unnoticed, may already have happened in Pakistan too over the last four decades. The writ of the State of Pakistan is collapsing steadily and
the country is literally reeling under terrorist attacks beng conducted with obnoxious impunity. Yet, the Interior Ministry with its present inept political and bureacratic heads is clueless about handling the gigantic dangers posed to the very existence of Pakistan.
On 27 Dec, 2007, and again on 16 March, 2009, the situation in Pakistan could have gotten out of hand. 16 March, 2009, can recur at the spur of a moment in a country as eruptive as Pakistan. In all probability, there will be no long term warning of the impending eruption. So is it not time for the US to understand, realistically, the inner dynamics of the Pakistani nation and redefine its Pakistan policy and also let Pakistan sort out its own mess on its own terms and conditions. After all it is Pakistan's own integrity and existence that is now at stake. Or does the CIA still think that Pakistan is not a country which was either in a revolutionary or even in a pre-revolutionary mood, as it did in Iran in 1979, just six months before the Iranian Revolution occurred and a new Iran came into being.
If the US faces a setback in Pakistan like it did in Iran in 1979 it may never be able to stage a diplomatic comeback because the regional power dynamics of the area would have changed dramatically. The US should, therefore, sincerely befriend the people of Pakistan wholeheartedly rather than toy with its internal political dynamics.
Faltering US strategy Part II, Dated Tuesday, April 28, 2009
http://www.thenews.com.pk/daily_detail.asp?id=174639
The new US policymakers led by President Obama must now shelve the messy canvas that was left for them by George W Bush. That canvas is in shreds and beyond repair. In order to redeem the image of the great American nation in the eyes of the world the Obama's administration will have to carve a new legacy for themselves distinctly different from the Bush legacy.
First, A resolution must come forth from all the stakeholders—i.e., the USA, the UN Security Council, NATO, the UK, other major EU and NATO countries, and from Russia, China, Iraq, Iran, Pakistan, Afghanistan and India—that they all resolve to bring peace to southwest Asia by replacing military activity with developmental activity. A unilateral ceasefire should be announced by US and NATO Forces saying that military operations, henceforth, will only be undertaken in self-defence. Simultaneously, the offer of peace talks must be made to the Taliban.
Secondly, The USA must also announce unilaterally that after the preliminary rounds of peace talks it shall relocate its forces in a non-combat posture as a prelude to an eventual and complete military evacuation within a foreseeable time frame.
Thirdly, the upcoming presidential elections in Afghanistan must be treated as a window of opportunity and it should be conducted by the Afghan people themselves, with the help of observers and expert teams from Islamic countries chosen by the Afghans, for the sake of neutrality. The US, although militarily present in Afghanistan, should voluntarily adopt the role of a non-interfering observer after having made it clear that violence will not be tolerated. The US should let it be the fairest of elections. Let anyone who the people of Afghanistan genuinely want to elect win those elections. Let even the Taliban put up their candidate(s) and let them all contest freely. Whatever government then comes into existence in Afghanistan must take up nation building activity of that war- ravaged nation in right earnest.
Fourthly, the US should order all Indian presence out of Afghanistan as this is seen by Pakistanis as an outright hostile act against Pakistan. It cannot be said in any other way because the US and NATO facilitation of the Indian intelligence agencies to operate against Pakistan's interests from outposts in Afghanistan can only be seen as detrimental to Pakistan's integrity. Ask a man on the street anywhere in Pakistan's remotest corner and he will wonder why the government of Pakistan is not protesting to the US in terms loud enough to be heard. Being an ally in what is called by the Americans themselves "a common war" the US has no alternative but to put a stop to Indian activities in Afghanistan forthwith in order to win the friendship of the Pakistani nation. Let Afghanistan become sovereign again and then decide for itself how much Indian presence they would want in Afghanistan. The Indians should also know that if they accept any military role in
Afghanistan they will get a taste of unconventional warfare that they will not be able to sustain for even a few weeks. Occupied Kashmir violence will be so dwarfed that the Indians will be wonderstruck if they ever choose to accept any military role in Afghanistan.
Lastly, if it wants Pakistan to be on its side as an ally, the US should immediately stop badmouthing the Pakistani military establishment. The allegations against the ISI and the Pakistani army are unwarranted. Who has suffered more casualties in hostilities at the hands of the Taliban, the Pakistani army or the US and NATO forces in Afghanistan?
Pakistan has already done enough at the cost of its own national fabric being torn to shreds. It is now time for peace in Afghanistan, Pakistan and the entire region for which long strides will have to be taken by the new US administration headed by Barack Obama so that southwest Asia can bury violence forever and start a new era of peace, progress, prosperity and harmony within the region and with the world at large. If such steps are not forthcoming and the only words the world continues to hear are surge, drone attacks, and do-more, then I am afraid this region, along with USA, is headed towards a complete disaster.
It is in the long-term interest of the USA itself to seek peace rather than continue to destabilise the region through a heavy military presence in a combat role. It is also not going to be long before the cash starved US public starts calling for an end to the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan; a call no US administration will be able to ignore. This region will then be lost to the USA for many decades to come.
The above exit strategy will have enormous dividends for all the stakeholders—i.e., the USA, Pakistan and Afghanistan. Contrarily, indefinite US military occupation of Afghanistan will create a devastating turmoil in the region. Resultantly, the US will lose its present foothold in Afghanistan and Pakistan just like it lost its foothold in post-1979 Iran. Without a doubt, it is now time for the USA to spread a new canvas and paint afresh a picture of peace which has goodwill, development, fraternity, tranquillity and inter-faith harmony painted clearly if it wants its influence and diplomatic presence in this region to remain.
The writer is former director general of the Intelligence Bureau and former vice-president of the PPP Parliamentarians.
Messages in this topic (1)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
11. Story of Sindh Ghost schools
Posted by: "S Turkman" turkman@sbcglobal.net torkmaan
Date: Tue Apr 28, 2009 9:05 am ((PDT))
Managements of Ghost Schools, Ghost Teachers, Ghost Head Masters, Ghost Peons all are receiving their Salaries every month from Federal Government after paying half of it to Punjabi Sirkaar in Islamabad.
In 1990, the Auditor General of Pakistan had reported that in just one block of Government Offices in Islamabad ...
* more than 100 people were receiving Salaries as full time Employees from 5 different Government Departments,
* more than 300 were drawing salaries from 4 different Government Departments.
* more than 700 were from 3 different Govt. Departments.
* more than 3000 from 2 different Govt. Departments.
* wives of more than 7000 were collecting salaries for their husbands working in some Middle Eastern Country or elsewhere in the world from last month to 7 years prior paying half to their Bosses, who initialed their attendance everyday.
This Report was published in a corner of one of the inside of a Newspaper and rest of newspapers had not published it.
My own experience:
Once, I was visiting Islamabad and a man had asked me for a 'taaweez' to straighten-out his new young Mohajir Boss, who had refused to keep giving his wife half of his salary, while he was working in Dubai. He said, "Shah Sahb, she has not been paid for 3 months and that's, why I took a leave to talk with him and came to Pakistan but he is not listening".
In 1989, when ISI had told CIA that over 125,000 MojaahiDeen have been already trained, armed and sent to Afghanistan, there were only 15,000 to 17,000 had actually gotten there according to a CIA's declassified Memo. I guess over 100,000 of them were Ghosts and this is why CIA could not see them in Afghanistan. Allaho Akbar ...!
Pakistan (land of nice clean honest people) ZinDaabaaD ...!
S U Turkman.
--- On Mon, 4/27/09, Farhan Soomro <farhanr@yahoo.com> wrote:
http://www.globalpo st.com/webblog/ pakistan/ the-arithmetics- 6760-documented- ghost-schools- sindh
Messages in this topic (1)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Yahoo! Groups Links
<*> To visit your group on the web, go to:
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/communistpartyofpakistan/
<*> Your email settings:
Digest Email | Traditional
<*> To change settings online go to:
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/communistpartyofpakistan/join
(Yahoo! ID required)
<*> To change settings via email:
mailto:communistpartyofpakistan-normal@yahoogroups.com
mailto:communistpartyofpakistan-fullfeatured@yahoogroups.com
<*> To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to:
communistpartyofpakistan-unsubscribe@yahoogroups.com
<*> Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to:
http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
------------------------------------------------------------------------
No comments:
Post a Comment